Palmal Group of Industries

Palmal’s Background: Established in the year 1984, Palmal group of industries ensure its quality, standards and is engaged in manufacturing of all kinds of knitted garments. Engr. Nurul Haque Sikder is the founder of company. Now he is present chairman of group. Managing director Mr. Nafis Sikder, son of Engr. Nurul Haque Sikder took the leadership in the year 2001. He is guiding the group with his wide experience and skill. Business Intervention: †¢ Palmal is mainly RMG focused group of industries. Expanding in the areas of knit composite and other backward linkage industries. Palmal’s Vision: Palmal stands behind its garments products with quality assurance. Palmal believes that quality is never an accident. It is always the result of high intention, sincere effort, intelligent direction and skilful execution. To provide customers with the most comprehensive sourcing, production, design & product development service, guaranteeing quality, competitive pricing & qu ick turnaround times with an excellent professional personalized service. Palmal’s Mission: Palmal’s mission is to be the market leader, in providing clothing from Bangladesh to its customers around the globe. To be a market leader it is committed to develop high quality, sophisticated and deviation-free products in its capacity and make on time delivery to its customers. Objectives of palmal: Palmal has name objective for the development of the society. The objectives of palmal are giving below: 1. To increase the economic development of the country. 2. To create employment opportunity. 3. To play positive in the process of industrial development of Bangladesh. 4. Palmal Assures quality and customer services. Palmal’s Commitment- †¢ Regular production updates to the Importer. †¢ Facilitate & Co-ordinate the Buyer’s visits to Bangladesh. †¢ Handle orders of any volume, style & color. †¢ Short lead times & in time delivery. †¢ Best quality and first service. †¢ Handle orders of any volume, style & color †¢ Excellent customer service. †¢ Best service from others. †¢ A headache & hassle free one stop solution to Importers †¢ 100% clients satisfaction Corporate Offices of Palmal Groups : | |Due to space constraint, Palmal had to arrange its corporate office in 4 different buildings located in Gulshan-1 area. | |Offices identity |Location | |Corporate Head Office (MD and C. O. O’s Secretariat) |House # 16, | | |Road # 30, Gulshan-1 | |Admin. Compliance Dept. |House # SWB/20, Road # 08, Gulshan-1 | |Comme rcial, Transport, Maintenance, Wal-Mart Sample and |House # 2B, | |Banking |Road # 29, Gulshan-1 | |Mainstream HRM, Factory HR, Sweater Division, Local |Crystal : Point, H # 2, R # 21, Gulshan-1 | |Procurement, Accounts, T&OD Dept. Merchandizing(Partly) | | Board of Directors |Name |Position | |Engr. Nurul Haque Sikder |Chairman | |Mr. Nafis Sikder |Managing Director & CEO | |Mrs. Meherunnesa Haque |Director | |Mrs. Sylvana Sikder |Director | |Mrs. Tajrina Sikder. |Director | |Mr. A. K. M Sazzadul Karim |Director & C. O. O | |Key persons | |Name |Designation | |Mr. Nafis Sikder |Honorable Managing Director | |Mr. A. K. M Sazzadul Karim |Honorable Director & C. O. O | |Mr. Amzad Hossain |Chief advisor to MD | |Mr. Ashith Laxmidas Dayalal |Director (Marketing), Garments Div, | |Mr. Aseem Sood. |Vice president, (Marketing –GAP Div | |Mr. Tahmid Zaman Khan |Director (Marketing), Sweater and AWL | |Mr. Aseem Sood. |Vice president, (Marketing-GAP Div) | |Major Sofiul Azam Chowdhury (Retd) |Director, (Admin. & Compliance) | |Mr. A. A. M. Munir |Director(P. P & Q. A Coord) | |Key Persons | |Name Designation | |Mr. Emdad Hossain |Director (Production) & In-charge, ACML | |Mr. Shakil Rahman |Director (Marketing) | |Mr. Ruhul Amin Siddiqui |General Manager (Commercial) | |Mr. S. A. Nakib |General Manager, HRM | |Mr. Shair Nasser Azad |General Manager (Administration) | |Mr. Kazi A. Muhit |General Manager (Accounts) | |Shelkh Obaidur Rahman |GM-Quality, CSI | |S. M. Sanowar Hossain. |GM-PP & Cord, W*M | |Md. Hossain Ahmed |GM-Quality | Sister Concerns | |Type of Business |No of Concerns | |Garments Factories |20 | |Sweater Factories |02 | |Knit Composite Mills |02 | |Washing Plant |02 | |Embroidery |01 | |Central Store |05 | |Sample Section |05 | |Cutleries Industry |01 | |Total |38 | Corporate strategy of Palmal: To develop a comprehensive strategy for palmal, it integrates the finance, marketing, human resource, accounting, quality, and operations functions. According to the corporate strategy, it carries out all the organization’s functions. Under the corporate strategy, it determines for which customers or clients it will produce product, which new product it will produce in future, which new strategy it will take for international market to survive. Operations strategy: To do its daily activities palmal takes operations strategy. These strategy help palmal to achieve the company’s corporate strategy. By using these strategies, it takes decisions about when the products produce, where it produces the products, how many workers it needs, what are the training requirements of the worker, what is the target level of quality for the products, how should suppliers be selected, what is expected from the suppliers, what types of technology it should be used to develop its product etc? Palmal’s product: This company produces knit garments product especially. The main products of palmal are: Man’s T-shirt | | Sport wear | | Long sleeves polo shirt | | Man’s sweater | | Women’s sweater | | Man ’s jacket | | Women’s jacket | | Corporate uniform | | Baby long sleeve T-shirt | | Baby suit | Technology used in Plamal: Palmal group uses version types of technology to run their daily activities such as – 1. Telephone 2. Fax 3. Entrance control system: This is the system that controls employee entrance and leave employee uses their entry card to enter office. A central computer record employee they use the card and computer saves their leaving time. 4. E-mail: Palmal widely use e-mail. To communicate with its customers and suppliers. They order raw material through e-mail. They also receive order by mail. The employees of Palmal use e-mail to communicate among themselves. This type of communication helps interdepartmental communication. Palmal is not using ERP because management thinks that ERP will disclose confidential data to employers. However, at present its management team have award about the importance of ERP. They are planning to implement ERP in their organization very soon, as they are facing many types of problem not for using ERP. Manufacturing strategy: To produce products palmal applies Make-to-order strategy. After taking the order from the buyers then it produces the product. Therefore, inventory is kept at a minimum level. Strategic vision Manufacturing process: Palmal follows assembly process to produce the product. It collects different finished goods from its suppliers. After collecting various finished goods then it produces a whole product. To produce a shirt as a whole product it collects buttons, nylon fabrics, and such kinds of different finished goods. Different Stitch Number and their applications: Stitch Class |Application | |100 Stitch Class |Basting Button sewing BTN whole spot taking | |Chain Stitch |hamming, belt loops filling | |Blind Stitch | | |200 Stitch Class | | |Back Stitch |To attach laise and elastic | |Catch Stitch | | |Running Stitch | | |300 Stitch Clas s |To lock parts of bodies bottom rolling | |Lock Stitch | | |400 Stitch Class |To attach main seam permanent edges | |Chain Stitch | | |500 Stitch Class | | |Over lock C/S |Surging blind hemming | | |Seaming Surging | | |Break open Surging | Stitching process: All the above stitch used to make any garments. But what stitch will follow in which process will be notified by the buyer. By following that instruction, Palmal can only stitch the garments. Stitch also depends on the process of stitching. For heavy fabric or critical process, the stitch will be different and for the thin fabric and easy style, stitch will not be same. Quality Assurance: Palmal group is highly committed to produce and supply highly quality product to its customers. To produce high quality garments products they collect high quantity raw material from their suppliers. Palmal groups have quality assurance department that is responsible to control and check the quality of raw products from their suppliers. As customers of Palmal group requires high quality products, they emphasis on high quality product. Their production control department ensures production is exactly as approved quality standards. Three or more inspections are carried out during the production process. Initial inspection, checks on fabric, wlor thread and first run of production. Second inspection and final inspection check on products and ensure whole production is up to quality standard. Palmal group believe quality products are the key to repeat business. Turnover of Palmal In 2007: Approximately US$ 100 Millions equivalent to Tk. >700 Cores from Export. In 2008: Approximately US$ 110 Millions from Export. In 2009: Projected Turnover is US$120 Millions from Export [pic] Embroidery CAPACITY: ? 6 threads with different color at the same time. ? 20 lines in each machine ? 650 Stitches per minute. ? Same machine cannot be used for diff. jobs at the same time Why Palmal is the order winner? Palmal’s Knowledge and commitment has made it a multi product company with clients all over the world. It works hard to address the expectations of its customer in an innovative way. It tries to maintain long listing relation with its clients and ensures serving best to them based on following parameters: †¢Ã‚  High Product facility   Sourcing of products from reliable manufacturers at competitive prices   Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Good quality & on time delivery †¢Ã‚  Believes in cost effective productivity †¢Ã‚  Enjoys a reputation for â€Å"clean business practices† †¢Ã‚  Strong network of manufacturers and vendors †¢Ã‚   Regular Supervision of products right from the production to the shipment stage . Ordering system of Palmal: At this time, Palmal does not offer on-line ordering. Before ordering the product clients should communicate with the company through fax, telephone, letter or e-mail. Clients should print out the order form, fill it out completely and send with a check, money order, or credit card information to the address at the offices. They should also send the sample of the product to the company. If everything is favorable for the company then Palmal take the offer from the clients. PALMAL’S CLIENT LIST: It is palmal’s ambition to has a lateral thought process which will help in designing unique and innovative range of apparels. All its endeavors are well appreciated by its clients, which has motivated it to go beyond the expectations of its clients. As an accomplished house, it has clients across the globe. The customer satisfaction it is acquired has led to a strong credibility for UK & Europe in market. It is established its export market in Germany, Italy, France, Bangkok, Mexico, UK, Europe. List of major clients or buyers: | Gap Inc. | WaL*Mart USA | | WaL*Mart Canada | | Charming Shoppes | | New Wave | | GEORGE | | Primark | | Zara | | Nygard | | K. Mart | | SEARS | | TESCO | | TARGET-Stores | | Li & Fung | Suppliers of Palmal: Supplier’s selection criteria of Palmal: To select suppliers Palmal follows some rules. Such as- †¢ Quality-to purchase raw materials from suppliers at first it thinks the quality of the product. Because the future of garments factories heavily depends on quality. †¢ Cost- it thinks about the cost of the raw materials which it will purchase †¢ Delivery-on time delivery is a major to select a supplier †¢ Financial soundness-before purchasing it considers the financial soundness of the suppliers. Kinds of raw materials: Inventory control system of Palmal: Palmal controls inventory to meet its future customers demand. It controls the inventory based on quantity. This system is designed to ensure that an item will be available on an ongoing basis throughout the year. Types of inventory Palmal maintain: Palmal stock some important goods for its future safety. Like- |Nylon fabrics | |Cotton fabrics | |Different kinds of buttons | |Plain Machine | |Button Attach machine | |Chain stitch machine | Palmal’s layout: The factories under the palmal group of industries are designed in such a way so that they can do their work properly. In factories similar machines are grouped together to do work. For example, to sew all sewing machines are grouped together in one area. Cutting sections are separated from other sections to do its cutting work. Inspection sectors are detached from others for checking fabrics. Select a location for a new factory of Palmal: To establish a new factory Palmal basically thinks about- †¢ Trade Zone †¢ Transportation facility †¢ Labor cost †¢ Export – Import facility †¢ Power supplies †¢ Rent †¢ Political environment †¢ Near to the competitor SWOT analysis of Palmal: Palmal group of industries has achieved great success over a short time of period. However, the global market environment for textile and clothing industries is in transitional stage and will change at the end of the phasing out quota. This change in global trade will create new challenges for the company. Therefore, high productivity, free access in backward supply line, shorter lead-time determines the company’s competitiveness. The following analysis of strength, weakness, opportunities and threats (SWOT) concisely sum up the conclusion of the competitiveness of palmal group of industries. Strength- †¢ Low labor cost. †¢ Energy at low price. Easily accessible infrastructure like sea road, railroad, river and air communication. †¢ Excellent Tele-communications network of E-mail, Internet, Fax, ISD, NWD & Cellular services. †¢ Scope for career development. †¢ Country leading Pay Master in RMG Sector. †¢ People developer. †¢ Having fully COMP LINT Factories. †¢ Consider people as â€Å"Resources†. †¢ Avoid discriminations to the best possible extent. †¢ Exercising fair practices in Employment. †¢ Value good workers and avoid troublemakers. †¢ Assure workplace safety. †¢ Factory is located in industrial area where company can enjoy uninterrupted power supply. Labor union is not all owed in the KDS groups since all labor related matters are dealt by KDS industrial area. Factory is able to ratify of their customer in the specific market according to their demand. Weakness – †¢ Lack of marketing tactics. †¢ A small number of manufacturing methods. †¢ Time-consuming custom clearance. †¢ Subject to natural calamities. †¢ Most of the raw materials from abroad, this is cause of high price, which are affected the production cost. Opportunity- Cheap and abundant labor force. Availability of foreign buyer in Steel Products. Palmal has a chance to create his own market by showing the quality of the products and working condition of the factory. To establish a new factory without long term agreement which is also based on the another buyer or customer by showing the new technology which is now at present Threat- Political situation of under developed country like Bangladesh is a major threat for Palmal. Technology is developing day by day. Therefore, technology is also changing rapidly. There is hardly any local source of raw materials Palmal, since backward linkage industries have not been developed in our country. Therefore, it is a threat for Palmal. Awards: For consistence and good product and service provided to their customers, â€Å"Palmal Groups† won several national and international awards. â€Å"National Award†: For their contribution to the national economy and for successful operational activities â€Å"Palmal Groups† achieved President best Performance Award in two consecutive years. International Award: Palmal is always committed to provide their customers with high quality product and service. In return, of their quality maintenances they have got several awards from international buyers. The awards are— Best supplier award from â€Å"Wal-Mart† in 2004, 2006 and 2007 Recommendations & Conclusion: . The company does not apply Operation Research models as well as tools. Initiative steps should be taken to apply Operation Research models as well as tools as early as possible to establish efficiency, productivity, competitive advantages etc. in the company. Palmal should use modern technology and software to develop its productivity and to increase its profit. However, Palmal has strong managerial support for which over a period of last seven years the company’s business growth is more than 300%. ———————– Customer Palmal Society Market Corporate Strategy Marketing functions Financial functions Operation functions Accounting functions Human resource functions Purchasing functions Quality assurance functions Product development functions Customer needs New products Current products Competitive dimensions Best Quality Customization Low price Timely delivery Company’s capabilities: Produce the required products New product development Sales the required products

Nicotine Addictions

Nicotine addiction is a serious mental disease and illness. There are currently 1. 35 billion smokers in the world today and that number is increasing at an alarming rate. Nicotine related diseases are the number one killer in the world. It is responsible for more deaths each year than drug and alcohol abuse, car crashes, AIDS, murder and suicide put together. There are few ways to fight this addiction, like rehab, the nicotine patch, nicotine gum, or the new drug, Chantix. Nicotine addiction is a serious mental disease and illness and it affects all ages. To first understand nicotine addiction you first need to understand why we start smoking in the first place and why we get hooked. Most people start smoking to relieve stress or anxiety, other people want to lose weight, teens succumb to peer pressure or they’re trying to look cool. Have you ever wondered why it’s so hard to go without eating, why we feel anxiety when bored and an â€Å"aahh† sense of relief when we finish a task? This was dopamine. When we feel hunger our dopamine pathways are teasing us with anticipation, wanting for food. If we keep wanting the anticipation may build into urges or even craves. Each bite that we take or drag off a cigarette stimulates the dopamine until we had enough and have become satisfied. While family members and loved ones are screaming at the smoker to stop, their brain dopamine pathways are screaming even louder that continuing to smoke is important as life itself. Nicotine addiction is permanent, just like alcohol there is one rule when you quit, just using once you will have to go back. It does not matter how much will power we have, the years of smoking, the recorded years of nicotine feeding have wired your brain for relapse. If this is true, that no matter how much will power you have you will go relapse. Then why are some social smokers able to continue and stop like its nothing while the rest of the smoking population got hooked. These social smokers are referred to as â€Å"chippers. † These â€Å"chippers† account for less than 10% of all smokers. Being immune to nicotine addiction is thought to be from genetics. Smokers who are hooked tend to feel sorry for themselves atching 10% walk away like its nothing, little do they realize they were once chippers to, at least for their first couple of cigarettes. Nicotine addiction affects all ages, there are many children who smoke around the world, take for example Ardi Rizal. Ardi Rizal is a two year Indonesian baby who smokes about 2 packs a day or 40 cigarettes. Smoking is normal in Indonesia it is the world 3rd largest leading tobacco consuming country in the world. A lot of adults who are around children will smoke; they will carry a baby in one hand and a cigarette on the other. His mother wants Ardi to quit, but her motivation for Ardi to quit was more on the spending 4 dollars a day other than his health. If Ardi does not smoke he throws tantrums, he has a scar on his head from running into a wall during one of his tantrums, and he also vomits when he cannot satisfy his addiction. The government has offered to pay the family with a brand new car and 100 thousand dollars if they help the baby stop smoking. Nicotine addiction affects all ages. The road to recovery from nicotine addictions is very hard. The first few days might feel like an emotional train wreck on the average smoker but as each passing day the challenge begins to grow less intense. In fact there are more ex-smokers in the United States then there are smokers! There are roughly 70% of daily smokers who want to stop. But few realize that they’re dealing with a permanent disorder and disease of the mind. A puff of nicotine is all it takes for relapse to occur. Usually it takes multiple fail attempts for the user to actually find the key to success. Every recovery is different, it be days, weeks, months, maybe even years to successfully quit smoking, to not feel the desire of a cigarette. There many types of treatment but no cure, there is the nicotine patch, rehab, nicotine gum and Chantix, Chantix has a 50% chance to help the smoker. Nicotine addiction is a serious mental disease and illness. Nicotine related disease causes 440,000 thousand deaths per year, 36,666 thousand per month, 8,461 thousand per week, 1,205 thousand per day, 50 per hour, in the United States alone. It is the number one killer around the world. Every cigarette that you smoke cuts 5 minutes off your life, the same time it takes to smoke it. Smoking just doesn’t cut a few months off the end of your life; it reduces the life of the average smoker by 12 years. Most people don’t think when lighting up especially teenagers, they don’t care about the cancer it causes, the things that it does to your body and physical appearance, that’s how addicted they are. They willing to ignore these facts for a death trap called tobacco.

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The management of ipratroprium during an asthma attack Essay

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Hunting and Fishing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Product Reliability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS‘s Qasida Essay Example for Free

Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS‘s Qasida Essay INTRODUCTION Fatemi Literature bears witness to Doat Kiram AS’s firm devotion to the zikr of Amirul mumineenAS. They have a characteristic approach different from others in recognizing the disposition of Amirul mumineenAS.and in this way they have made a significant contribution in the field of knowledge. Out of the treasure of knowledge, one can distinguish easily the classical works of al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS . Al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS who has surpassed a celestial century has adorned with the magnificent and gathering brightness the office of Dai-el-Mutlaq. He holds the keys of treasure house of Fatemi knowledge and bears the torch of learning handed down from Nabi MohammedSA through his successor. 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Analyzing the poem is like exploring a town .when we first approach it we notice main roads, larger building and landmarks. A step further, small streets, narrow lanes and unusual stores add details to understand the culture and people of the town. Similarly with the poem we can experience the satisfaction of signs offered by poet to explore his poem. Poet expects us to lead our imagination wander freely as we go through sounds and experience the images of the poem. Analyzing concept is important in every literature; the difference is that words changes but the concept remains the same. In Islamic literature it is known as naqd and in fatemi literature analyzing a poetic verse is known as tehlil. The concept of tehlil in its own bears a unique factor amongst others. Islamic literature concept of naqd reveals all types of appreciation and negative factors dealed by the poet. However in fatemi literature tehlil concept leads us to the path of eternity. They act as a savior for the one who follows them, hence there can be no place for any criticism or false in them. This paper will discuss briefly about the discerning disposition of Amirul Mumineen AS and his dai, al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS under five points as follows :- 1) Perseverance of barakat of adab of al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mu’ayyad al-shiraziRA and al-Dai-Ajal Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA in adab of al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS 2) Distinguishing status al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUSin praise of Amirul MumineenAS 3) Divine character of Amirul MumineenAS in light of this Qasida. 4) Iltejah of al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS near Amirul MumineenAS 5) Acknowledgment of the sublime position of Amirul Mumineen AS and n light of al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS in the light Imam’s statement :- ‘Through analysis, a true personality can be identified’. 1) BARAKAT OF al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna al-Mu’ayyad al –Shirazi RA and al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin’s Adab in Adab of Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS The point here will briefly discuss about how the barakat of both the dai’s adab merged and united with the adab of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS. By analyzing the verses of this qasida, the reader gets clear picture that the maa’ni remain constant and stable, but its beauty gets multiplied and splendid when transferred in adab of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS as it is mentioned by Amirul Jamea. Ø §Ã™â€  Ù…Ø ¹Ã˜ §Ã™â€ Ã™Å Ã™â€¡ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ «Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ ªÃ˜ © Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€¦Ã˜ ³Ã˜ ªÃ™â€šÃ™Å Ã™â€¦Ã˜ © Ù„Ø § هي Ø ­Ã˜ ¯Ã™Å Ã˜ «Ã˜ © ولØ § هي Ù‚Ø ¯Ã™Å Ã™â€¦Ã˜ © Ø ¨Ã™â€ž Ù…Ø ¹Ã˜ §Ã™â€ Ã™Å Ã™â€¡ Ø ªÃ™â€žÃ™Æ' Ø ­Ã™Å Ã™â€ Ã™â€¦Ã˜ § ÙˆØ µÃ™â€žÃ˜ ª Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€° Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™â€¦ Ø ¬Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã™â€ž من Ø §Ã˜ ¹Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€¦Ã™â€¡ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã˜ ¬Ã™â€žÃ˜ © Ø ²Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¯Ã™â€¡Ã˜ § Ø ¨Ã™â€¡Ã˜ ¬Ã˜ © Ø ¨Ã˜ §Ã™Å Ã˜ ¶Ã˜ §Ã˜ ­ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€¦Ã˜ «Ã™â€žÃ˜ © ÙˆØ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã˜ ¯Ã™â€žÃ˜ © The maa’ni remains constant while its beauty spreads through its flow. Thereafter, the reason behind specifically choosing both dai’s adab is stated, that al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS has informed in his letter towards Mumineen of Yemen that he wrote Qasida near the shrine of Amirul Mumineen AS following his father’s footsteps. The Arabic word used in the respect of his father’s high position valedi valed-ul jami which reveals gesture towards his father and father of all doat-e-mutlaqeen. al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna al-Mu’ayyad al –Shirazi RA Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø ­Ã˜ ³Ã™â€  ÙŠØ § Ø ³Ã™â€¦Ã™Å  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å  * Ø §Ã˜ ¬Ã˜ ±Ã™â€ Ã™Å  Ø ¨Ã™â€žÃ˜ ·Ã™  Ø ®Ã™ Ã™Å  Ø ¬Ã™â€žÃ™Å  The first verse beautifully approaches the meaning hidden beyond the words which enhances the barakat of both the dai, as the first half of the first stanza shows the barakat of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna al-Mu’ayyad al –Shirazi RA’s adab as he states:- Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø ­Ã˜ ³Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â€  ÙŠØ § نـ ـــØ ¸Ã™Å Ã˜ ± Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã˜ °Ã™Å Ã˜ ±* ولــــولØ § ÙˆØ ¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™Ë†Ã˜ ¯Ã™Æ' Ù Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã˜ §Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã˜ ¸Ã™Å Ã˜ ± And the second half reflects the light of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin’s Adab It is discussed deeply on how both dai al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna al-Mu’ayyad al –Shirazi RAand al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS have addressed Amirul Muminen AS. After a deep study one can get idea on how al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna al-Mu’ayyad al –Shirazi RA had portrayed dignity of Amirul Mumineen AS as analogous to Nabi Mohammed SA in his every deed and action. The word â€Å"NAZIR† represents through its literal meaning that as Nabi Mohammed SA is perceived through naked eyes, his actions, works are seen by people. As far as Allah’s presence is concerned , then he is beyond imagination and thoughts to perceive. He is known through his name, hence al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS, while praising Amirul MumineenAS in his relation with Allah’s high position he states oh Namesake of Allah! His action presents the divine trait like Allah. Hence both dai, has portrayed perfect picture of Amirul Mumineen†s nobility on both sides with Nabi Mohammed SA and Allah. This way through analysis the whole Qasida can be studied in respect with al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS’s mastery in command on Arabic vocabulary inheriting all virtues of the previous doat mutlaqeen . Similarly these verses of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS:- Ø §Ã˜ °Ã˜ § Ø ¹Ã™â€  Ø ®Ã˜ ·Ã˜ ¨ Ù Ã™â€šÃ™â€ž ÙŠØ § Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å  * Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™â€° Ø ¹Ã˜ ¬Ã™â€ž Ø ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ³Ã™â€¦Ã™â€¡ ينØ ¬Ã™â€žÃ™Å  Ø §Ã˜ °Ã˜ § Ù…Ø § Ø ±Ã˜ ¬Ã™Ë†Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã™â€ Ã™ Ã˜ ³ Ø ±Ã˜ ¬Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¡ * Ø ¨Ã˜ ­Ã˜ ±Ã™â€¦Ã˜ © Ù‡Ø °Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™Ë†Ã™â€žÃ™Å  Ø ³Ã™â€žÃ™Å  Whenever, problem hurdles you, just call upon â€Å"ya Allah† and your problem will be solved. Recalls the verse of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA:- Ø §Ã™â€  Ø §Ã˜ ²Ã˜ ¹Ã˜ ¬Ã˜ ªÃ™Æ' ملمØ © Ø §Ã™Ë†Ã™Æ'Ø ±Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ © * ÙˆØ ±Ã˜ ¬Ã™Ë†Ã˜ ª Ø ªÃ™â€ Ã™ Ã™Å Ã˜ ³Ã˜ § Ù Ã™â€ Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¯ Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã˜ § â€Å"Whenever a calamity or torment comes in your way and you hope to free yourself just call upon â€Å"YA ALI†. This verse shows the strong solidarity in both dai’s literature that there is unique harmony in their thoughts and notions, the supremacy that both the verses represrnts both dai’s faith and certainly. Al –dai-al- Ajal Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA states in his verse to chant â€Å"ya ali†,whereas al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS mentions the word qul. This choice of word reveals that Amirul MumineenAS heard the nida of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA to fulfill his hope for ziyarat in his successor al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS,as syedna proclaims that he is chanting â€Å"ya ali’s† tasbih beneath the zarih which conveys that the distance syncronises and al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA nida got heard, as al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS gets blessed with the ziyarat. Further on moving to the next verse:- Ø ³Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€¦ Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã™Æ' Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ­Ã˜ ³Ã™â€ Ã™Å Ã™â€  * Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ·Ã˜ §Ã™â€¡Ã˜ ±Ã™Å Ã™â€  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€¦Ã˜ §Ã™â€¦ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã˜ ¬Ã˜ ¨ Whereas al-Dai-Ajal Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA states that:- Ø ³Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€¦ Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã™Æ' Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ­Ã˜ ³Ã™â€ Ã™Å Ã™â€  * Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ·Ã˜ §Ã™â€¡Ã˜ ±Ã™Å Ã™â€  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ³Ã˜ ±Ã™â€° Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã˜ ¨Ã™â€ž The reader will surely notice that 3/4th part of both verses are having exactly same words and meaning, which seems that two streams are flowing from single source , and two rays emerging from one light . Both the dai are praying salaam on Amirul MumineenAS and praising him. Thereafter the last two words of each verse is different from each other but they were similar in there meaning as it was leadership quality of all imam. Historically it is known that angels recited salaam on Amirul MumineenAS through their visits and respected him gladly. Hence,both dai are angels in their every act and performance. further moving on the point concludes the meaning of salaam which is noticed by al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna al-Mu’ayyad al –Shirazi RA in his majalis, that salaam is the reason to peace and serenity, secondly its greeting of angels, thirdly salaam is one of Allah’s name which means that Allah is beyond any changes and differentiates and lastly amongst the names of heaven there is one name called salaam, for its peace from hurdles and grieves. All the four meanings of salaam can be identified is dai’s salaam, hence it is al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS bounties and blessings that he graces us with the gestures of shield from the upcoming dilemma’s and problems. This way the barakat of al-Dai-aal-Ajal Syedna Mu’yyad ShiraziRA and al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA got merged and its maa’ni got preserved in adab of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS high status in glorifying Amirul Mumineen AS This point deals with the notable position of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS while praising Amirul mumineen AS. He simply described in the qasida that it is a pride to praise Amirul mumineen as he states :- Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ § Ø §Ã™â€ Ã™â€¦Ã˜ § Ø °Ã™Æ'Ø ±Ã™Æ' Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™Æ'Ù†Ø ² منه * Ø §Ã™Ë†Ã˜ ¹Ã™Å Ã˜ ªÃ™Å  Ø ¯Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¦Ã™â€¦Ã˜ § Ø ªÃ™â€¦Ã˜ ªÃ™â€žÃ™Å  (The zikr of Amirul Mumineen AS is a precious treasure which fills my vessel forever.) The reader is ought to ponder deeply and marvel at the significance of connection in this verse between the two words â€Å"treasure† and â€Å"vessel†, as in Arabic language the literal meaning for treasure is† the chores and items which are preserved in the vessel.† Thereby it draws the attention towards Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS intention, in using the word vessel; the vessel of knowledge. The verse throws light on the strong distinctive relation of Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS with Amirul MumineenAS. Amirul mumineen AS by himself is allah’s zikr. Also Nabi Mohammed RA has disclosed his position and status as the Red Ruby. Undoubtly Red Ruby is a very precious and beautiful and a very rare and expensive as per Imam Ahmed al- MasturAS states :- Ø §Ã™â€¦Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã™Ë†Ã˜ §Ã™â€šÃ™Å Ã˜ ª Ø µÃ˜ §Ã™ Ã™Å Ã˜ © Ø ´Ã™ Ã˜ §Ã™ Ã˜ © Ù…Ø ®Ã˜ ªÃ™â€žÃ™ Ã˜ © Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€žÃ™Ë†Ã˜ §Ã™â€  ومن منØ §Ã™ Ã˜ ¹Ã™â€¡ Ø §Ã™â€  من Ø ªÃ˜ ®Ã˜ ªÃ™â€¦ Ø ¨Ã˜ ´Ã™Å Ã˜ ¡ منه ÙˆÙÆ'Ø §Ã™â€  Ù Ã™Å  Ø ¨Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¯Ã˜ © Ù‚Ø ¯ Ø §Ã˜ µÃ˜ §Ã˜ ¨ Ø §Ã™â€¡Ã™â€žÃ™â€¡Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™Ë†Ã™Å Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¡ ÙˆØ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ·Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¹Ã™Ë†Ã™â€  Ø ³Ã™â€žÃ™â€¦ منه Ø ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ °Ã™â€  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€žÃ™â€¡ ونØ ¨Ã™â€ž Ù Ã™Å  Ø §Ã˜ ¹Ã™Å Ã™â€  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã˜ §Ã˜ ³ Similarly Amirul mumineen’s personality refl ects his purity of Iman, love for Nabi Mohammed RA and divine sacrifice for Allah’s deen holds a great devotion to the zikr of Amirul Mumineen AS.througout his whole life he has remained engrossed in recalling Amirul MumineenAS miracle, his charity, his bounties and his sacrifices to islam. Repeatedly he recalls Amirul Mumineen AS status and every time from an different prospective. Further on, this point discusses about his verses,vasail and bayanaat reclaims his unwavering and ever lasting dedication for Amirul Mumineen AS ,such as :- Ø ¨Ã˜ ­Ã™â€š Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å  له Ø §Ã™â€ Ã™ Ã˜ ªÃ˜ ­ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¨Ã˜ § * Ø ¨ للØ ¨Ã™Å Ã˜ ª Ø ¨Ã™Å Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€žÃ™â€¡ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ­Ã˜ ±Ã˜ §Ã™â€¦ Ù„Ø ªÃ™ Ã˜ ªÃ˜ ­ لمØ ±Ã˜ ¡ يوØ §Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã™â€¡ Ø µÃ˜ ¯Ã™â€šÃ˜ § * Ù„Ø ¯Ã™â€° Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€¦Ã™Ë†Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã™Ë†Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨ Ø ¯Ã˜ §Ã˜ ± Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ³Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€¦ In this two couplet, Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS had condensed the fatemi manner of praying towards Allah. Both the couplets reflects Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS modesty as he pleads and asks Allah to open the door of heaven for mumineen for the sake and mean of the doors which opened for Amirul Mumineen AS, further more choices of word sidqan reveals many aspects like :- 1. Amirul mumineenAS’s loyalty and r faithful attitude towards undoubtly. 2. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS immense love for Amirul mumineenAS 3. Thirdly it shows that none but the mumineen are the true devotees. Furthermore, the word â€Å"door† enfolds the feeling of ubudiyah as being the abd of Amirul mumineen, who has come to his doorsteps seeking knowledge and help. Also the word â€Å"door† represents amirul mumineen’s high status of the door to city of knowledge as Nabi Mohammed SA states :- I am the city of knowledge and ali is the gateway. Whosoever seeks the knowledge must come to the gateway. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS has sacrificed all precious gems and jewels in the making of his shrine, because the real magnificent treasure is gained through chanting his name and zikr. As the point concludes the reader receives insight in to the deep erudition of the author and his supremacy as an exponent of fatemi knowledge and literacy style. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS ‘s , unique and extra ordinary personality emerged brightly by declaring his successor Syedi -va -Moulaya Muffadal b.s. SaifuddinTUS, as he stands at the position of ina ,the word whose Arabic count is 53 indicating his high status. As he also stands 53rd in his succession. Likewise he is known as Yemen’s agate, just like Amirul MumineenAS was named as the Red ruby. So it concludes that by zikr of amirul mumineen ,the vessel of Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS fills to the brim and same way by the zikr of Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS and Syedi va-Moulaya Muffadal bhaisaheb Saifuddin TUS mumineen’s vessel of knowledge gets broader by time . Hence by giving proper meaning of vessel and treasure the message of syedna reaches to every mumineen’s heart. DIVINE ATTRIBUTES OF MOULANA ALI This point summarizes the divine attributes of Amirul Mumineen AS portrayed in the Qasida. Al-Dai-al-Ajal-Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA has distinctly depicted Amirul Mumineen AS’s divine attribute in one of his ibarah. He states :- هو Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™Ë†Ã™â€ž ÙˆØ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã˜ ®Ã˜ ± ÙˆØ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¸Ã˜ §Ã™â€¡Ã˜ ± ÙˆØ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ·Ã™â€  He is the first and the last. He is manifest and subtle. This magnificent description clearly explains that none other than Amirul Mumineen AS posses the divine and celestial traits. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS narrates through each verse that each and every significant qualities of Amirul Mumineen AS proclaims that he is the namesake of Allah. By Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS keen observation and powerful insight, he can perceive the clear image of Amirul Mumineen AS before his eyes, so that he expresses:- ÙˆØ §Ã™â€ Ã™Å  لمØ § Ø §Ã˜ ®Ã˜ §Ã˜ ·Ã˜ ¨ Ø ± Ø ¨Ã™Å  * Ø §Ã™â€ Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¯Ã™Å  Ø ¨Ã˜ ªÃ˜ ¨Ã˜ µÃ˜ ±Ã˜ © ÙŠØ § Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å  With my insight, I chant,call upon â€Å"ya ali† whenever I address my Allah. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS proceeds to postulate a true picture of Amirul Mumineen AS as a divine personality. As it may be noted that the word â€Å"betabseratin† has within it, inherent, the need to analyze the verses properly and study Amirul Mumineen AS divine attribute. Below are few verse which will portray the position of Amirul Mumineen AS as the namesake of Allah:- Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø ­Ã˜ ³Ã™â€  ÙŠØ § Ø ³Ã™â€¦Ã™Å  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å  * Ø §Ã˜ ¬Ã˜ ±Ã™â€ Ã™Å  Ø ¨Ã™â€žÃ˜ ·Ã™  Ø ®Ã™ Ã™Å  Ø ¬Ã™â€žÃ™Å  O’aba hasan ! The namesake of al ali (Allah ta’ala) grant me both your subtle and apparent benevolence. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS dwells upon the way he chants ya ali for addressing Allah. The word Ali in Arabic literature means powerful, prominent. Also Ali is one of Allah’s hundred names. Thereby it proves that Amirul Mumineen AS is the namesake of Allah physically and spiritually. Further on; Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS states:- Ø §Ã™Æ'Ø §Ã˜ ´Ã™  ÙÆ'Ø ±Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ © Ù…ÙÆ'Ø ªÃ˜ ¦Ã˜ ¨ * Ø §Ã˜ ´Ã˜ §Ã™ Ã™Å  Ù…Ø ±Ã˜ ¡ Ø ¨Ã˜ ¯Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¡ Ø ¨Ã™â€žÃ™â‚¬Ã™â€° Oh savior of sorrowful from all pains. Oh healer of sickness from unwell. In both of this verses Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS addresses Amirul Mumineen AS as a savior from all torments and grieves. This verse can be analyzed historically as there are many evident and events which clarify that, it is only Amirul Mumineen AS personal attribute to give life to dead, and many extravagant miracles such as, his family being in hard circumstances he chose to help miqdad and granted him one dinar. As a human nature one can never ever decide to help other and choose his happiness on his family. Hence Amirul Mumineen AS deserves to be the namesake of Allah by this kind of his attributes. ÙˆØ §Ã™â€ Ã™â€° ÙŠØ ³Ã˜ §Ã™Ë†Ã™Å Ã™Æ' ميØ ª وهل *ÙŠØ ³Ã˜ §Ã™Ë†Ã™Å  Ø ¨Ã™â€¦Ã˜ ­Ã™Å Ã™Å  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ±Ã™â€¦Ã™Å Ã™â€¦ Ø ®Ã™â€žÃ™Å  ÙˆØ §Ã™â€ Ã™â€° ÙŠØ ³Ã˜ §Ã™Ë†Ã™Å Ã™Æ' ÙŠØ §Ã˜ ±Ã˜ ­Ã™â€¦Ã˜ © * Ø ¯Ã˜ ¹Ã™Å  Ø ¨Ã™â€ Ã˜ §Ã˜ ± Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¬Ã˜ ­Ã™Å Ã™â€¦ Ø µÃ™â€žÃ™Å  ÙˆØ §Ã™â€ Ã™â€° ÙŠØ ³Ã˜ §Ã™Ë†Ã™Å Ã™Æ' Ø ¬Ã˜ §Ã™â€¦Ã˜ ¹ Ø °Ã™Æ'Ø ±* Ø ¹Ã˜ ¯Ã™Ë† Ø ªÃ˜ ­Ã˜ ¯Ã˜ ± Ø ¨Ã˜ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã˜ ±Ã˜ °Ã™â€ž The three verses complete the penetrating argument Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS makes with the followers of abu bakar, usmaan and omar. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS in his interrogative manner, simply depicts the divine character of Amirul Mumineen AS as benefactor of life, instead he gives life to perished bones. The power to give life is only for Allah, the creator. But it’s Amirul Mumineen AS honor to show this mir acle to the universe and emerge in his magnificent status. Hence there is no compatibility between Amirul Mumineen AS and abubakr. Today Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS represents Amirul Mumineen AS distinguishing personality between the world. His noble works in every field shows his devotion towards the upliftment of Mumineen. Being at the age of 100, his devotion towards Imam’s khidmat and tafadi increases by day and time. The golden era, the celestial century witnesses all his humble chores and works. By each day his spiritual strength gets well fortified. Today he posses divine attribute. Hence it’s all because of Amirul MumineenAS ‘s subtle and apparent benevolence. May Allah grant him a life in prosperity and perfect health for all eternity ILTEJAH of aL-Dai alAjal TOWARDS AMIRUL MUMINEEN AS This point briefly gives details on the ILTEJAH of al-Dai-al Ajal -Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS towards Amirul Mumineen AS. Its specifically written in the preface of the Qasida that al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS has written in ILTEJAH. The iltejah of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS reflects in his verses. The modesty al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS had shown near Amirul Mumineen AS. The tears which al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS shed near Amirul Mumineen AS for the forgiveness of mumineen’s sins and offences . The verse merely potrays al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS khudu by Imam Ali Zainul AbedinRA’s khudu. The following verse completely resembles dua of Imam Ali ZainulabedinRA :- Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨ Ù…Ø ¯Ã™Å Ã™â€ Ã™â€¡ Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™â€¦ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã˜ ¨Ã™Å  * Ø ³Ã˜ £Ã™â€žÃ˜ ªÃ™Æ' للمØ ¤Ã™â€¦Ã™â€ Ã™Å Ã™â€  ولي Ø ¨Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨Ã™Æ' Ù‚Ø ¯ Ù„Ø °Ã˜ ª Ø ®Ã˜ ° à ˜ ¨Ã™Å Ã˜ ¯Ã™Å  * Ù Ã˜ §Ã™â€ Ã™Æ' Ù„ÙÆ'Ù‡Ù  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™Ë† موØ ¦Ã™â€žÃ™Å  The dua of ImamRA :- Ù Ã™â€šÃ™Å Ã˜ ± Ø ¨Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨Ã™Æ' . . . Ø ­Ã™â€šÃ™Å Ã˜ ± Ø ¨Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨Ã™Æ' .. . Ù…Ø ­Ã˜ ªÃ˜ §Ã˜ ¬ Ø ¨Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨Ã™Æ' . . Ù Ã™â€¡Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€ Ã˜ § Ø ³Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¦Ã™â€ž Ø ¨Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨Ã™Æ' As seen the verse depicts the same emotions and pain felt in the dua. The words are touching and heartfelt. Like a saa’il al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS represents himself near Amirul MumineenAS and seeks for help and ease. The generosity al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS possess that he first asks for Mumineen and secondly he asks for himself. The second verse potrays the picture of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS holding the shrine of Amirul MumineenAS with both hands and praying near him. Thereafter al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS beseeches near Amirul MumineenAS by repetitions of sorrowful words like :- Ø §Ã˜ ºÃ˜ «Ã™â€ Ã˜ § Ø §Ã˜ ºÃ˜ «Ã™â€ Ã˜ § Ø §Ã˜ ºÃ™Ë†Ã˜ « Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¹Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¯ * Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™â€° Ø ¹Ã˜ ¬Ã™ „ ولØ ¯Ã™â€° Ø §Ã˜ ¬Ã™â€ž Help me, help me oh saviour, in our daily life and near our demise . The repetitions of words play an important role in Arabic literature it makes the text delightful while reading. Secondly it confirms the meaning beyond words and assures it truly. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS here conveys a message, a teaching that Amirul MumineenAS is always there for mumineen in his good and bad times. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS himself prays through this verse that may Allah always keep us with Hudaat Kiraam and devoid us to see any such morning where one of us have to beg from someone else then aa’le mohammedAS. The point concludes with the analysis of three verses in context with al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS succesor Syedi-va-Moulayi-Muffadal bhaisaheb SaifiddinTUS’s prestige and dignity. The verses are as follows:- Ø §Ã™â€¦Ã™Ë†Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™Å  Ø §Ã™â€ Ã™Æ' مولى ÙˆØ §Ã™â€ Ã™Å  * Ø §Ã˜ ªÃ˜ ¨Ã˜ ªÃ™Æ' Ù…Ø ³Ã˜ ªÃ™â€šÃ˜ ¨Ã™â€žÃ˜ § Ù Ã˜ §Ã™â€šÃ˜ ¨Ã™â€ž ÙˆØ §Ã™â€ Ã™Å  Ù„Ø ¨Ã˜ ¹Ã˜ ¯Ã™Æ' Ø §Ã˜ ³Ã™Æ'Ù†Ø ªÃ™â€¡ من * Ø ¯Ã˜ ¹Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¡Ã™â‚¬Ã™Æ' Ù Ã™Å  Ø §Ã™â€¦Ã™â€ Ã˜ ¹ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€¦Ã˜ ¹Ã™â€šÃ™â€ž Ø §Ã™â€¦Ã™Ë†Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™Å  Ø ³Ã™Æ'Ù† Ù Ã˜ ¤Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¯Ã™Å  ÙˆØ §Ã™â€¦Ã™â€  * Ø ¨Ã™ Ã˜ ¶Ã™â€žÃ™Æ' Ø ¨Ã™Å Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€¡Ã˜ ¯Ã™â€° ÙˆØ ¬Ã™â€žÃ™Å  These three verses play a magnificent rol e in the whole Qasida. It summarizes the complete aim of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS plead near Amirul MumineenAS. It reveals the gesture of declaring his successor. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS ,addresses Amirul MumineenAS as â€Å"moulaya† and represents himself as his faithful abd. And recalls his bounties upon him that he is secured and protected by his prayers. Hereby the metaphor â€Å"protected fort† is used to beautify the notion of the whole picture, that how a moula takes care of his abeed,the responsibilities he is carrying and the attention for servants. AL-DAI-AJAL Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS seeks â€Å"sukun† for his soul by the grace of Amirul MumineenAS. There is a deep connection between the word sukun and befadlek that Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS has deeply revealed , he attained sukun by declaring his successor with the benevolence of Amirul MumineenAS. The word befadlek denotes the historical event when Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS sent his successor to kufa when enemies of dawat tried to put another shrine in place of the shrine which was constructed by dawat and by the grace of Amirul MumineenAS and Syedi-va-Molaya- Muffadal bhaisaheb SaifuddinTUS’s hardwork and diginity , the governments decision was in our favour. There by leading al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS iltejah near Amirul MumineenAS piously that Amirul MumineenAS answered his prayer and enabled him for this amal-e- jalil. May Allah grant al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS a long and prosperous life with his successor till eternity. Ameen Acknowledgment of the sublime position of Amirul Mumineen AS and n light of al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS in the light Imam’s statement Imam Ahmed al- Mastur AS states:- ÙˆØ ¨Ã˜ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ªÃ˜ ­Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã™â€ž Ø ªÃ˜ ¹Ã˜ ±Ã™  Ø ­Ã™â€šÃ™Å Ã™â€šÃ˜ © Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã˜ ´Ã˜ ®Ã˜ §Ã˜ µ ‘Through analysis one can identify real personality.’ Imam Ahmed al-Mastur’s AS statement clearly shows the importance of analysis in literature. So at the end of the paper, the reader gets a complete idea that its indicate to recognize the magnificent position of AMIRUL MUMINEEN (A.S.) and to identify deeply his personality. It’s a great pleasure for a mumin that in the benedictions of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS he can recognize the disposition of Amirul MumineenAS in his minor limits. As to identify his personality the foremost step is to understand and preserve the glory of his dai al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanussin TUS But the inability of one’s thought and power hurdles to acknowledge the magnificent position of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS. Hence the real acknowledgement of Amirul MumineenAS and his dai’s glorification is to acceptt that they are divine souls and an ordinary mumin cannot distinguish their position. A keen observer will recognize with the prayers of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS the meaning of benevolence (lutf) according to his limits, as one of the literacy meaning for lutf is â€Å"AMAL SALEH† through which a true follower of Islam can get closer to Allah taa’ala and also al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS has explained the meaning of â€Å"AMAL SALEH† in one of his lectures:- Ø §Ã™â€  ÙÆ'Ù„ منØ µÃ™Ë†Ã˜ µ هو Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¹Ã™â€¦Ã™â€ž Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ µÃ˜ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ­ And also he states :- Ù‡Ø ± Ø ¯Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¹Ã™Å  Ù†Ø § منØ µÃ™Ë†Ã˜ µ Ø §Ã™â€¡Ã™â€ Ã˜ § Ø ¹Ã™â€¦Ã™â€ž Ø µÃ˜ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ­ Ø› That every dai’s amal saleh is to declare his successor. Hence, the Mumineen of this period are fortunate and lucky as they are being blessed with two dai’s benedictions and prayers. and with the grace of Amirul MumineenAS ;they are living a prosperous and healthy life. May Allah grant al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS and his successor a long and healthy life till the day of judgment. Ameen. [ 1 ]. Reading and understanding poems,(Rhode island, Jamestown1989)19 [ 2 ]. Syedi yusuf bhai saheb najmuddin,baha-o muqaddamatil imtehan-il Jamea,(Mumbai :al Jamea tus saifiayh press)31 [ 3 ]. al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, aba hasanin ya samiy al ali yi, ,(Mumbai :al Jamea tus saifiayh press)2 [ 4 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mu‎‎’yyad al-ShiraziRA slk’aw jou’har al- Manzum ,( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)4 [ 5 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)15 [ 6 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA, al Risala al-Ramadaaniyah Mafaatiho Yaqut al-Hamra,(Bombay: British india press,1369AH/1350AD),52 [ 7 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA al Risala al-Ramadaaniyah Raudat-e-Firdos (Bombay: British india press,1369AH/1350AD),214 [ 8 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)9 [ 9 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)11 [ 10 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA, al Risala al-Ramadaaniyah Mafaatiho Yaqut al-Hamra,(Bombay: British india press,1369AH/1350AD),52 [ 11 ]. Imam Ahmed al-Mastur AS, Rasaail Ikhwaan al-Safa,vol:-2 (Surat Khazana Ameraah, al- Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah.)119 [ 12 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA, Simto Munajaat Gur.(Mumbai :Al Jamea Tus Saifiyah press) [ 13 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Qadi al-Noman bin Mohammed RA,Sharh-ul-Akhbaar,(Mumbai: Daaerat al ta’ba va nashr Al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah) 3 [ 14 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mu‎’yyad al-ShiraziRA. Majaalis Mu‎ yyadiyah (Mumbai : oxford printers 1426AH/2005AD),125 [ 15 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)10 [ 16 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)2 [ 17 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press) [ 18 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)11/12 [ 19 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)7/13 [ 20 ]. Sahifat-al-Salaah,(Mumbai:sa fe label 1422 AH) [ 21 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)13 [ 22 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)13/14 [ 23 ]. Imam Ahmed al-Mastur AS, Rasaail Ikhwaan al-Safa,vol:-2 (Surat Khazana Ameraah, al- Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah.)119 [ 24 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS al –Risala-Nayye Hikmat-al-Gaibat-al-Haqiqiyah.(Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press 1430),179 [ 25 ]. Al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah ,al-Iqtibisaat al-Nuraniyah,( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press 1419),

Journal Entry- Russian Immigration Essay Example for Free

Journal Entry- Russian Immigration Essay I was a young man when my familys journey began in the search for freedom. We resided in a decent little neighborhood just in the outskirts of southern Russia. All the families around knew each other very well therefore I could never understand why my family always seemed so miserable. I mean I heard stories and watched the news about bad accidents from muggers to murderers but I never seen anything like that around where we lived. Until one night my father did not come home, my mother told me he was just working late, but I knew something else was wrong, it was way after any working hours. I became so frustrated of waiting for my father I guess I ended up falling asleep because next thing I remember was being woken up at 3:30 am by my mother hysterically crying. I knew it was my father so all I could do was sit there and hug her. The officer told me he had been found in an alley after being brutally beaten, and he was already dead upon their arrival. Witnesses claim they saw him get jumped outside of the synagogue which he had been seen leaving earlier that afternoon. My father always carried his valuables on him, all his money, personal information cards, and bank account numbers. None of this was on him when he had been found, which only meant one thing, they could be coming for us next. My mother spent days searching for friends or family we could stay with for awhile until we could get ourselves together. But with our luck we were helpless. Weve heard many stories about America, that is was the land of opportunity. But we could only dream about living there. A scary thought which never left my mind was that my 18th birthday was approaching, which meant I had to enlist in the Russian army, which for jews was like asking for an early death, because not many Russian jews came out of the army well if even alive. Ive seen it myself that out in the streets Russians would get discriminated against, the hardest thing to believe was that it was in our own country, by our own people. Discrimination occurred mostly because we had different beliefs or a different culture, which was not good to display in public. Judaism was a major religion which had it really hard in Russia. We as  Russian Jews had no way of escaping this society which had been making our lives unbearable. Jews could not speak their minds or walk down the street showing any support in the Jewish belief or they would be punished for it. I told my mother I would rather die than enlist in the Russian army and she broke down in tears. Both she and I knew immediately we needed to get away from this life and we had to do it fast. The next morning we packed our most valuable belongings (which wasnt much) and began out journey to the free world. We had no money, no place to go, and nothing to live for except an ambition for freedom. We took the bus to the nearest train station where we wanted to see the soonest routes away from home. We planned to head all the way out west where we wouldnt know anyone and we could start a new life. But at the ticket counter the lady said there was only tickets left for Ellis Island, neither me, mama or Babushka knew where that was but we were told it was all the way out west so we took the risk and got on the ship. After all we had nothing to lose. We didnt know what to expect and were a bit scared or what might come. Spreading down the ship we heard rumors that we were headed to America but it was hard to believe so I just closed my eyes and tried to go to sleep, but the thoughts of America couldnt leave my mind. Entry 2: February 12,1887 Wow! What a boat ride it has been. I dont even know how many days I was on that boat, long enough but it was well worth the ride. The rumors were true, weve actually made it to America!! The land we only hoped and wished for. On the ride we met many lovely people all with the same hope, a better life. We heard many reasons of why people were leaving Russia, mostly in search for a better life, religious freedom, and to escape persecution. Ellis Island was a major immigration station for the US at which we had arrived at. Upon arrival we were greeted by fairly nice authority officials who told us where to go and what to do. Everyone had to be examined for diseases and checked for being physically and/or mentally fit. Many people were admitted but still some were deported, like my grandmother Maria, she was very old and couldnt walk well on her own so she got deported. I miss her dearly,  but I know she is doing fine. Luckily my mother and I had all our documents confirming who we were with us because all of them were checked. After 5 hours of going through the Ellis island station we had finally entered America! The streets were beautiful, nothing like I had ever seen before, lined with tall trees people cars, and smiles! We stuck with a family which we had met on the boat, they told us they knew people who could help us get situated and help us get an apartment until we can get our own jobs. And they did as they said, we got a little one bedroom apartment right near the port of entry which was very convenient because most of the people we came over with had also lived there, where we formed our own Russian community. As time went by which we had spent in America we came to realize we had no Americans to look up to for help so slowly but gradually the Russian society formed its own community. We didnt receive much respect but no one really gave us any problems. After all we were blessed to be where we were. I remember in Russia not being able to go outside after 9:00 pm at night because of the dangers that walked the streets. But here, any time of night you could receive a smile from at least one person. The lower eastside of New York was were we had been living for almost two months. Recently I began working in a grocery store where I started off making $2.00 an hour, which wasnt bad at all, I made just enough to support mama and myself and to buy food once a week. The working conditions werent bad. I worked just as much and just as well as everyone else. Although the people there werent to nice I learned to deal with it, I was only there to make money, not friends. So in the end this boat ride to nowhere turned out to be a dream come true!!

Literature Review On Swimming Physical Education Essay

Literature Review On Swimming Physical Education Essay As in many sports, swimming technique is most important to performance. The smooth and perfect in the process of movement, whether stroking through the water, lifting weights or swinging a club, relates to enhanced performance and decrease in change of injury. (Riewald 2003). To swim fast, a swimmer must engage in a constant battle of trying to maximize the propulsive force he experiences. Swimmers adopt many different techniques in an attempt to accomplish this feat; sometimes these techniques are good, other times not so good. Technique also plays a role in injury prevention, as poor mechanics often place stresses on joints and structures in the body that they were not meant to handle. (Riewald 2003) 2.2 Components of Swim Performance The factors that can influence swimming performance can be classified into three categories which are the psychological factor, physiological and biomechanical factor. The psychological is the main factor that contributes to swim enhancement of performance. The field of physiological and biomechanical also makes up a huge portion to influence swim performance. These complex areas are important to be study in order to establish a meaningful relationship of speed and power in swim performance. 2.3 Physiology of Swimming For the past 30 years, the physiology of swimming has been explored extensively. Many areas of the physiology contribute to several studies. Swimming, like other forms of exercise, involves the muscle contraction that results in a desired motor output. In order to produce a movement, skeletal muscles must stimulate via nervous impulse. Muscular contraction causes by this impulse. While the movement of the joint results from the muscle pull on bone structures. In swimming, these movements if often occur especially among competitive swimmers (McArdle 2003). The studies of physiology on competitive swimmers become popular after the 1960à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s (Lavoie, 2004). The study begins to focus on association between energy expenditure and velocity. At that time, it belief that a exponential relationship existed within energy cost and swimming velocity. Later, Montpetit (2001) discover that this is actually a linear relationship. Lacour (2003) reported that the energy cost of swimming is closely depended on swimming technique, body size, swimming velocity and level of performance. It concludes that as resistance increases, swimming velocity will also increase. This major discover demonstrates that the importance to overcome resistance physically over a given distance in a certain period of time. Nervous system and muscular force is other physiological factors that important to swimming performance. The nervous system plays an important role in swimming performance because it helps to determine how quickly and forcefully a movement takes place. It is also the precursor of the movement. As a swimmers practice the same movement repeatedly, it become an adaptation and the movement pattern is remembered by the brain. The result or the end of the practice is an increase in the efficiency of the movement. Due training, it can improve the force of movement by causing an increase in the recruitment of motor units (Katch 2006). The larger motor units recruited, the more muscle fibers will be contracted. Contracting muscle fibers will increase systematically as the muscle force increases. Training can cause increased innervations to a group of muscles which can improve speed of contraction and recruitment of muscles (Maglischo 2003). Proper nervous stimulation and size of the muscle will produce the muscular force. Specific type of training can cause increase the size of the muscle or better known as hypertrophy and thus more powerful strength can be produce via motor output. This absolute strength is determined by its cross sectional area (Zatsiorsky 2005). The larger the muscle, the greater the force produced. However, increase in the muscle size and muscle mass also can have adverse effects on biomechanical of the swimmer which by the increasing contractile force at certain level. It is a serious matter to look upon when considering the training especially to the competitive swimmers, to well known of how much strength that increases will be beneficial and not beneficial to them. Since the two components of power are strength and speed, it is vital focus to improve strength in order to create potential of more power. 2.4 Biomechanics of Swimming Biomechanics is interesting area of study because this area of study shows much potential to enhance the swim performance. 10% increase in swimming technique provided increase over a range of performance rather than maximal aerobic and anaerobic power (Toussaint and Hollander 2004). Toussaint and Beek (2002) reported that the success for competitive swimmers relies on swimmers aptitude to produce force and to decrease resistance which to encountered during forward movement in the water. Logically, water is denser than air. Therefore, swimmers will encounter more resistance when attempting the movement. Besides that, as the rate of velocity decreases, there is a proportional decrease in the resistance of the water. Resistance of the water is at the top area of the swimmers that against water as the body move through it. Drag, is the motion of resistance to the swimmers. (Malinlisho 2003). There are two type of drag which are passive and active drag. Passive drag is described as the resistance on the swimmers body in a static position (Chatard 2000). While active drag is the resistance of water that against the moving body. Measurement of the active drag is reported slightly higher than passive drag (Kolmogorov, Rumyantseva, Gordon Cappaert 2007). It is important to note that of the two types of drag, passive drag cannot be altered and it is constant speed, but increases a higher velocity. Passive drag is an important factor in the speed of the swimmer from a start or a turn off of a wall. The less passive drag a swimmer has, the more slowly they will lose momentum. Passive drag is related to the frontal surface area of an individual. Passive drag has been reported to be a factor that can contribute to the prediction of swimming performance (Chatard and Lacour 2000). Velocity of swimming has been associated with drag, power input and power output (Toussaint Beek 2002). Active drag can be modified on efficiency based on technique of swimming action (Toussaint 2002). Clarys (2003) stated that predominant factor in active drag was the swimming technique. It also stated that measurements of active drag on elite swimmers are lower than non- elite swimmers. While study by Kolmogorov (2007) reported that active drag for freestyle was less compared to breastroke swimming. It also reported that mechanical power output for skilled swimmer is lesser than mechanical power output in less skilled swimmers. This assumed because of the cost of swimming for an elite swimmer is much lower than a non-elite swimmer. The more biomechanically efficient a swimmer is, the less energy requires swimming at faster rate of speed (Toussaint 2002). Further, as increase in velocity, the resistance of the water will also increase. Swimmers with more active drag have to produce more force on the water to go a certain speed and vice versa. (Maglischo 2003). The level of the athletes, anthropometric measures, velocity and swimming efficiency are related to the cost of swimming. These costs are similar either in men neither women that given similar relative measures (Chatard 2001) Chatard (2000) also stated that passive drag is determining by the frontal body area which can influence performance. Other factor that is related to the biomechanics of swimming is the length of the swimmer. Larsen, Yanchen and Baer (2000) reported that, having length is one of the reasons why successful competitive swimmer is taller in height compared to others. Length of the swimmer will lesser their drag in the water. Further, successful swimmers achieve greater distance per stroke than less skilled swimmers (Craig 2005). Distance per stroke and stroke rate somehow is controlled by swimming velocity. Distance per stroke is best defined as the distance traveled in the water by a swimmer with each arm pull. And stroke rate is frequency of how fast the arms can move. Faster swimmers in freestyle had a longer distance per stroke and maintaining a slower stroke rate (Craig and colleagues 2005). An experience swimmer can control their speed by maintaining certain distance per stroke in increasing stroke rate or in maintaining stage. It has been described above that the length of a swimmer having less drag is apparent with the longer distance per stroke also spent more time with their arms outstretched. This action will influence drag for a short period of time due to increase of the swimmer length. Furthermore, it is important to know that power is an important determinant in enhancement of swimming performance. There are two components of power which are the speed and force. Swimmer will not have the ability to produce as much force on water if they move their arms too quickly. It clearly shows the relationship between stroke rate and the optimal distance per stroke. 2.5 The Relationship of Power to Swim Performance Power is classified as one of five determinants of swimming performance, and the others are metabolism (power input), drag, propelling efficiency and gross efficiency (Toussaint 2002). Specifically, power can be defined as Power = Force x Velocity (Harman 2004). Many investigators have noted the importance of power that demonstrated a positive relationship between power and sprint swim performance (Bradshaw Hoyle, 2003). Christensen and smith (2007) reported that power measured is a significant contributor to swimming performance and that sprint speed that is related to stroking arm force. Sprint swimming performance influences by the ability to produce power in an efficient manner and utilization of power specifically in the swimming action. (Costill 2003). Costill (2005) later discover that improvements in swimming were found strongly related with power production, both in measures of power in the water and on land. Sharp (2006) suggested that the ability to produce power plays a positive role in swimming performance if swimmer undergo specific training that can increase power. The peak swimming power is significantly correlated with sprint swimming velocity (Boelk 2007). Powerful Swimmer is often faster (Malischo 2003). He suggested that swimming with specific training technique will increase power. These technique, are performing in short duration with high intensity bouts of swimming where the focus on producing the most powerful movement with the correct form. For some swimmers, power training may be beneficial and most important type of training (Bompa 1993). He concludes this by establishing a relationship between power and the importance of being able to maintain the increased power throughout the race. 2.5 Methods to Increase Power Plenty types of training that can be employed to improve power. Most of the swim coaches use specific swimming exercises, such as all-out sprints for a short distance to improve swimming power (Maglischo 2003). Other types of training that have shown increased power production include dry land exercises such as weight training and plyometric training (Bompa 1993). In contemporary swim training, the training program for competitive swimmers often includes dry land exercises. In comparison to the load during actual swimming these exercises should provide a greater resistance to the working muscles and hence increase maximal power output more effectively. However, as indicated earlier, the body adapts to adequately cope with the specific forms of exercise stress applied. This adaptive process is rather specific requiring for example that movement pattern during the strength training is similar to that during competitive swimming. It is known for quite some time that the movement patterns of the different swimming strokes are difficult to reproduce outside the water and thus any training effect may only partially, if at all, carry over to the competitive performance (Toussaint 2007) Propelling muscle is where the power output delivered by swimmer. In this propelling muscle, mechanical power are converted from the aerobic and anaerobic power input. (Toussaint and Beek 1992)

Abortion Essay -- Pregnancy Ethics Essays

Abortion Perhaps one of the most controversial issues debated between lawmakers and legislatures is abortion. Disputes concerning abortion began during the 1820s. By 1965, with a few exceptions, abortion had been made illegal in all states. Abortions were only permitted when the fetus was deformed, or if birth of the baby would harm the mother’s life. All of this changed however in 1973 during the landmark Supreme Court Case of Roe v. Wade which legalized abortion. The Supreme Court recognized that it is solely a mother’s choice whether to become a parent. The court also recognized that an issue as significant as child bearing warrants the highest level of constitutional protection. According to the Court, a state’s interest in potential life is not â€Å"compelling† until there is a status of viability—the point in pregnancy at which there is a reasonable possibility for the sustained survival of the fetus outside of the womb. The Cour t also affirmed that the right to privacy is not absolute and that a state does have a valid interest in safeguarding maternal health, maintaining medical standards, and protecting potential health. Under the Court’s decision, a state may, but is not required to prohibit abortion after viability, except when it is necessary to protect a women’s life or health. The Roe v. Wade decision faced immediate opposition. Opponents at both the federal and state level urged government to pass anti-abortion legislation. Over the next two decades, the Supreme Court was repeatedly called upon to decide whether a wide range of abortion statutes violated a woman’s right to privacy. While a large portion of these restrictions were considered unconstitutional, the court grante... ...forts to educate women about other options, such as adoption, should be extended. Furthermore, there should be an expansion of efforts to prevent unintended pregnancies. Such efforts should include programs for sexual education and the provision of contraceptives to sexually active females. Abortion should not only be available to those women with the financial means to pay for it. Congress should pass laws that would ensure females of low-income status access to abortion at the government’s expense. Moderates would also like laws that guarantee that medical facilities which provide abortions are licensed to meet very high standards of health care. Websites for more information: www.naral.org www.crlp.org www.nrlc.org http://www.plannedparenthood.org/abortion/default.htm http://www.policyalmanac.org/culture/abortion.shtml Abortion Essay -- Pregnancy Ethics Essays Abortion Perhaps one of the most controversial issues debated between lawmakers and legislatures is abortion. Disputes concerning abortion began during the 1820s. By 1965, with a few exceptions, abortion had been made illegal in all states. Abortions were only permitted when the fetus was deformed, or if birth of the baby would harm the mother’s life. All of this changed however in 1973 during the landmark Supreme Court Case of Roe v. Wade which legalized abortion. The Supreme Court recognized that it is solely a mother’s choice whether to become a parent. The court also recognized that an issue as significant as child bearing warrants the highest level of constitutional protection. According to the Court, a state’s interest in potential life is not â€Å"compelling† until there is a status of viability—the point in pregnancy at which there is a reasonable possibility for the sustained survival of the fetus outside of the womb. The Cour t also affirmed that the right to privacy is not absolute and that a state does have a valid interest in safeguarding maternal health, maintaining medical standards, and protecting potential health. Under the Court’s decision, a state may, but is not required to prohibit abortion after viability, except when it is necessary to protect a women’s life or health. The Roe v. Wade decision faced immediate opposition. Opponents at both the federal and state level urged government to pass anti-abortion legislation. Over the next two decades, the Supreme Court was repeatedly called upon to decide whether a wide range of abortion statutes violated a woman’s right to privacy. While a large portion of these restrictions were considered unconstitutional, the court grante... ...forts to educate women about other options, such as adoption, should be extended. Furthermore, there should be an expansion of efforts to prevent unintended pregnancies. Such efforts should include programs for sexual education and the provision of contraceptives to sexually active females. Abortion should not only be available to those women with the financial means to pay for it. Congress should pass laws that would ensure females of low-income status access to abortion at the government’s expense. Moderates would also like laws that guarantee that medical facilities which provide abortions are licensed to meet very high standards of health care. Websites for more information: www.naral.org www.crlp.org www.nrlc.org http://www.plannedparenthood.org/abortion/default.htm http://www.policyalmanac.org/culture/abortion.shtml

Physics of the Ear Essay -- Term Papers Research

Physics of the Ear The ear is an extraordinary human organ that many people take for granted until it doesn’t function. It is the only device that allows the human to hear sounds in their environment. The ear is made up of many parts that distinguish various sounds through different means. The ear anatomy and physiology along with how sound waves are transmitted into meaningful sounds will help one understand how hearing loss occurs. The ear is made up of three areas: the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear is very important for collecting sound waves. It is made up of the pinna and the ear canal. The pinna, the actual physical outward appearance of the ear, receives sound waves and begins to funnel them into the ear canal. The ear canal is also known as the auditory meatus which is basically a convoluted tube. The next part of the ear, the tympanic membrane, is the beginning of the middle ear. The ear drum is crucial in the ability to hear. The tympanic membrane leads to a chain of small bones known as the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and the stapes (stirrup). The stapes is ended with the footplate, a bone that looks like a stirrup. This area is known as the middle ear or the tympanic cavity. Located at the bottom of this area is the Eustachian tube which leads down to the throat. Its main purpose is to maintain the equalization of pressure between the tympanic cavity and the atmosphere as the air in the cavity is absorbed by the cells of its surface. The next area is the inner ear. This area contains many important structures to the hearing process. It begins with the oval window which is struck by the footplate of the Stapes. The cochlea is the area where most sound is transmitted from waves into impulses. W... ... environment. In order to do that we must know the anatomy of our ear and how it functions. An important function is how the sound wave is transmitted into meaningful information through means of frequency, amplitude, and location. By understanding how the ear functions people are able to understand and prevent hearing loss. WORKS CITED David, Edward E. Jr., John K. Pierce, and William A. Van Bergeijk. Waves, and the Ear. NY: Anchor Books. 1960. p- 34-50 Kirkpatrick, Larry D. and Gerald F. Wheeler. Physics: A World View, 4th ed. Orlando, FL. Harcourt College Publishers: 2001. p- 365-71 Littler, T.S. The Physics of the Ear, v3. NY: Macmillan Company. 1965. P- 1-9 Pickles, James O. An Intro to the Physiology of Hearing. NY: Academic Press. 1982. p- 264- 79 Sataloff, Joseph. Hearing Loss. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company. 1980 P- 67; 75; 175-77;

Every dark cloud has a silver lining.

Dialogue between the Bank Manager and a client about opening an account. Client: Sir, Excuse me. May I come in? B. Manager: Yes you may come in. Client: I am Miss. Mary and I come from Oakmont. Manager: What can do for you? Sir, I would like to open an account in your Bank. Manager: May I know your profession? Sir, I working as secondary Grade Teacher in Oakmont High School at Superman Manager: Why do you want to open an account in the state Bank of India? Client: Sir, I have Just Joined my duty in the school last week.It's a mandatory or the teachers to have an account opened in the state Bank of India, because the salary is paid through the banks. Manager: Well, then please fill up the application form to open an account in your name. Client: Yes, Sir. Can I get the application form? Manager: Yes, you can collect from the next desk. Prior to It please produce the following document: 1. Your ID proof 2. Residential proof 3. Pan Card 4. Ration card 5. Age proof etc†¦ Client: Sir , excuse me right now I do not have all the documents. Can I come tomorrow, sir?Manager: Yes, It Is better that if come with all the comments tomorrow it would be very easy to fill up the form. Client: Sir, should I take the application form and go? Manager: Yes, it would be better so that tomorrow the work will go faster. (The client goes near the gate, as he reaches the gate the manager calls her back) Manager: Hello, Miss. Mary. Client: Yes, Sir. Manager: Something which Is very Important that I have forgotten. Client: What Is it SST Manager: It Is regarding the witness. Client: What It means by witness?Manager: Witness means that the person one who has the bank account In our Ann. Has to Introduce you to the bank. Client: Is It compulsory, Sir. Manager: Yes, It Is mandatory. Otherwise you will not be able open an account. Client: Thank you very much, Sir. I am very much pleased with you for Glenn me all the Information needed to open an account In your bank. Manager: k. Thank yo u. Client: Thank you so much, Sir. I shall come with a witness and with all the documents tomorrow. Every dark cloud has a silver lining. By monogamy 23 Manager: Yes, you can collect from the next desk. Prior to it please produce the Can I come tomorrow, sir?Manager: Yes, it is better that if come with all the Manager: Something which is very important that I have forgotten. Client: What is it Sir? Manager: It is regarding the witness. Client: What it means by witness? Manager: Witness means that the person one who has the bank account in our bank has to introduce you to the bank. Client: Is it compulsory, Sir. Manager: Yes, It is mandatory. Otherwise you will not be able open an account. Client: Thank you very much, Sir. I am very much pleased with you for giving me all the information needed to open an account in your bank. Manager: k. Thank you.

Mirror, Mirror on the Wall

Mirror, Mirror on the Wall Indonesia’s advertising Industry which is one of the youngest in the region, is almost at its adolescence trying to come to terms with all the rapid changes that it faces as it comes of age to find its own well defined personality and identity. A philosopher rightly said about life â€Å"We see life not as it is but as we are†. This seems so true in advertising too. Advertising should draw upon people's emotions in order to strike an emotional relationship with their audiences. It is said that advertising is suppose to reflect society. This means that advertising should be representative of the society's cultures and values in which it occurs. Advertising should also be representative of genuine situations within its society. And for the audiences who wish to see their own reflection, the advertising that depends on drawing from international campaigns has no role to play. Trend however in most similar advertising markets is that it takes a while before a country comes out of the shadows of western advertising and put its own stamp of style on the world advertising map. Japan, Singapore and Thailand have done it in the past from Asia. India is one of the latest countries that have started developing their unique advertising style. Is finding a country’s unique tone in advertising just another way to stroke creative egos in an industry full of Ego maniacs? Not really. The biggest advantage of this phenomenon is that it pushes up the overall creative quality since the advertising starts working at a different level for the audience. It also improves the acceptance of path breaking creative work by the marketers because they start believing in creativity looking at the success of some bold creative work. The creative becomes more bold instigating tougher competition in the industry as a result of which the bar goes higher for creative standard and everyone benefits. The changes in Indonesian advertising, as the readers can see in the displayed samples where the ads have a distinct Indonesian tone, have started showing in Public Service campaigns and some specific product ategories leading to creation of some most memorable and impactful campaigns. This, as I see is the onset of a new era in Indonesian advertising. An era when a consumer peeps into the mirror of Indonesian advertising and utters the magic words ‘Mirror, mirror on the wall†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ he sees nothing but reflection of his own self. Abhay Kapoor The writer is the Group Managing Director With one of the biggest Indonesian communication Group s, DM Pratama Group.

Different Classes of Shares and the Benefits and the Disadvantages of Each Type of Shares.

Introduction First, we will mention about the purpose of this assignment, which is the benefit that we can gain from doing this project. From this project, it helps us to know the types of shares available in a company, definition of shares and the advantages and disadvantages of shares. From the information, this will enable a person who have interest invest in a company, purchase the shares that are suitable for them, based on the comparison between the advantages and disadvantages of each type of shares. Other than that, we can know the rights that attached to the shares. On the other hand, we will mention that under what relevant case law or relevant sections, the rights of the shareholders will be changed or affected. These circumstances are significant important to those shareholders who want their interest to be protected. For an example, when a company is going to winding up and under the normal situation, preference shareholders will have no right to participate in the surplus assets and profits but under when Section 66 Companies Act 1965, he has the right on it. Lastly, this project will give a fundamental or basic knowledge of each type of shares, the rights as being shareholders, which is useful in future, if we wish to success in our business field. Definition of shares According to Borlands Trustee v Steel Bros Co Ltd (1901), defines shares as the interest of a shareholder in the company measured by a sum of money, for purpose of a liability in the first place and of interest in the second but also consisting of a series of mutual covenants entered into by all the shareholders inter se. According to Section 4 Companies Act 1965 (hereinafter referred as CA’65) defines share as share in share capital of a corporation and includes stock except where a distinction between stock and shares is expressed or implied. In short, shares means that is the capital raised by a corporation, through the issuance and sale of shares. Section 98 CA’65 mentions the nature of share. The share or other interest of member in a company shall be moveable property, transferable in the manner provided by the articles, and shall not be of the nature of immovable property. It means that shares are movable properties, intangible in nature, chooses in action and transferable in nature unless the company is a private company. As according to Section 15 CA’65 private company has restriction of transferring share unless get the consent of all the members. There are various type of share in the market, such as ordinary share, preference share, deferred share, treasury share and others. However, the common one is ordinary share and preference share. Definition of Ordinary Share According to WorldReference. om Dictionary, ordinary share is share other than preferred share; entitles the owner to a share of the corporation's profits and a share of the voting power in shareholder elections. Definition of Preference Share Section 4 CA’65 defines preference share a share by whatever name called, which does not entitle the holder thereof to the right to vote at a general meeting or to any right to participate beyond a specific amount in any distributio n whether by way of dividend, or on redemption, in a winding up or otherwise. According to WorldReference. com Dictionary, preference share is share whose holders are guaranteed priority in the payment of dividends but whose holders have no voting rights. Benefits of Ordinary Share There are several advantages for subscribing the ordinary shares rather than preference shares. First, as an ordinary shareholder, he is a proprietor or owner of the company. A shareholder is entitled to membership rights of the company. It means that a shareholder as a member of the company has full voting rights at any general meeting. Through voting, a shareholder can participate in the management of the company. If the shareholder holds the majority rights (more than or equal to 51% of the rights) he can control the company financial and operating. Section 55 CA’65 says each member of a public company has one vote in respect of each ordinary share. Besides that, as a member of the company, he has the right to receive the notice of general meeting, to request the financial report, to attend and speak during the general meeting, to appoint the director during the general meeting. Moreover, he has the right to appoint proxies in the event that they cannot themselves attend the general meeting. As an ordinary shareholder, when the company is making a lot of profit, or in other word, in the event the company is prosperous, he stand to gain the most than preference shareholder as their dividend is higher compare to the fixed rate dividend received by preference shareholder. Furthermore, in the scenario of company winding up, an ordinary shareholder has the right to participate a share in any surplus assets of the company plus the repayment of his capital. Besides that, the Articles of Association require the company to offer any further shares it proposes to issue to the ordinary shareholders before offering them to outsiders, and usually the new shares are offered to the existing shareholders at a lower price than they would be offered to the outsiders. Disadvantages of Ordinary Share As a member of the company, ordinary shareholder is the main risk bearer of the company. It means that these shares carry a right to a dividend limited only by the size of the profit made by the company and are paid after the preference shareholders. They will be the last to receive the dividend. The dividend receive is in the form of non-cumulative dividend and the rate of dividend is not fixed, means when company did not declared dividends for this year, the dividends will not accumulated to next year and the amount is not secured. Under Section 365 CA’65, dividends are only payable out of the company’s profit. In the event that there are no profits, they will not receive any return of their investment. In fact, the company has no obligation to declare and pay dividend as the director can retain profits or capitalize the profits in the form of bonus share. However, when the company is making profit continuously for some years but director does not declare any dividend, the shareholders can apply to the court and sue the company under Section 33(1) CA’65 where Memorandum of Association and Article of Association constitute contractual effect between company and members, and where members right are affected, they can sue the company. In the scenario of winding up, ordinary shareholders will be the last to receive the repayment of capital. The next disadvantages of ordinary shares s that the issue of shares may result in diluting the shares held by the existing shareholders particularly directors who also are shareholders. It simply means the directors may lose control of the company unless they buy the new shares. Types of Preference Share There are several types of preference share: Cumulative preference share – If the dividends are cannot be paid in one year or the company does not pay the full dividend on preference shar es in any year the preference shareholder will be entitled to have the amount deficiency made up in later year before any dividend is paid on ordinary shares. Non-cumulative preference shares – the holder of such shares are only entitled to the specific rate of dividend out of the current year. If in a year the profits do not warrant payment of a dividend, the arrears are not carried forward to the subsequent year. Participating preference shares – the holders of such shares are entitled to a preferential dividend if the specified fixed rate before the ordinary shareholders. After the ordinary shareholder has received their dividends, the participating preference shareholder will participate further in any profit remaining together with the ordinary shareholders in the surplus assets. Moreover, they can also participate in surplus of assets with ordinary shareholders when the company is wound up. Redeemable preference shares – these shares may be redeemed by the company at a stated redemption price after a specified time. The redemption must be effected only on such terms and condition and in such manner provided by the Articles of Association. It means that the shares are not redeemable before the specific time and the company must buy back the shares at the price stated and at the specific time. Convertible preference shares – these shares carry the right to be made convertible, at the option of the holder, into another class of shares, normally into ordinary shares. General Advantages of Preference Shares Unless the Articles of Association or otherwise provided, generally, preference shares that are issued had the rights to a fixed dividend per share to be paid whenever there is sufficient profit, before any dividend is paid to any other member. The preference shareholders are more secured as ompare to ordinary shareholder as they have the priority to receive their return of investment than ordinary shareholder especially when the company is having ‘bad time’ where the profits is uncertain. Moreover, preference shares are presumed to carry a right to cumulative dividends where their dividends will become payable at the next year. Further more, preference shares are given the right to be repaid the nominal value of each share when the company is wound up before any capital is returned to other members. They are entitled to be repaid their capital of investment before the ordinary shareholders. General Disadvantages of Preference Shares Unless the Articles of Association or otherwise provided, generally, preference share does not entitle the holder to the rights to vote at a general meeting. Their voting rights to are often limited only during their dividends in respect of the share are in arrears, upon a proposal that affects rights attached to the share (variation of class rights), or upon a proposal to wind up the company. In short, they have limited right to vote, no right to attend general meeting, limited right to some of the company decision making. Thus, when a company is going to raise fund, they are willing to issue further preference share rather than ordinary share because of the limited voting rights. Even though directors issued more preference share to the stranger (public), they still maintained their majority voting and financial control of the company. Therefore, preference share are the best alternative for the directors of the company. The next disadvantage is they have no rights to participate beyond a specified amount in any distribution whether by way of dividend, or on redemption, in a winding up or otherwise. Different from the ordinary share, preference share is paid in a fixed dividend rate. They cannot participate in the surplus of profit or assets during the company are wound up. Thus, they have less return of investment especially during the company prosperous time. Rights of Holders of Preference Shares to be set out in the Memorandum of Association or Articles of Association Section 66(1) Companies Act 1965 mention no company shall allot any preference shares or convert any issued shares into preference share unless there is set out in its memorandum or articles the rights of the holders of those share with respect to: Repayment of capital – it should state that when the company is winding up, they would have the right to claim the nominal value of each share before any capital is returned to ordinary shareholder. Participation in surplus assets and profits – it should state that when the company is winding up and there is surplus of assets and profits, the preference shareholders entitled to have a share of it with the ordinary shareholders. Cumulative or non-cumulative dividends – it should state that the preference shareholders would receive either cumulative dividend as according to general rules or non-cumulative dividends as same as ordinary shareholders. Voting – it should state that either the preference shareholders would have the rights to vote in meeting or not. Priority of payment of capital and dividend in relation to other shares or other classes of preference shares – it should state that either the preference shareholders or ordinary shareholder have the priority to the issued or payment of capital or dividends or both of have the same priority? The purpose for such requirement is to enable the prospective and existing preferential shareholders to ascertain easily the rights attached to their shares. Section 66(2) CA’65 mention if default is made in complying with this section the company and every officer of the company who is in default shall be guilty of an offence against this Act. Penalty: Two thousand ringgit CONCLUSION Our assignment topic is â€Å"explain the different classes of shares and the benefits and disadvantages of each type of shares. † In our presentation, we had discussed about the different classes of share that is – ordinary shares and preference shares. We had explained about the definition of ordinary share and preference share and their characteristics. Beside that, we also discuss about the benefits and disadvantages of them. In our opinion, both of them got their advantages and disadvantages. When company is decide whether to issue ordinary shares or preference shares are depending on the situation. If the director wishes to maintain the control over the company then they should issued preferences shares to raised capital rather than issuing ordinary shares. However, the company also needs to consider the ability of paying back the interest and capital if issued the preference shares as they deem as external creditors that have the priority of repayment of capital than ordinary shareholders.