Why do I Believe in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why do I Believe in Canada - Essay Example The most important safety need for a human being is personal health. Without health, all other needs are of little consequence. Canada offers all its citizens universal health care, regardless of their income. Unlike the American health care system, in Canada one cannot be denied treatment because he or she does not have medical insurance. Figure 1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Besides medical support, Canadian immigration rules foster family unity and support. People immigrating to Canada can bring their families with them including their children. 40% of the annual immigration to Canada comes under the family reunion and refugee programs .The country’s economic benefits include social support for people who are unemployed or otherwise struggling. Furthermore, those with children are guaranteed child benefits. What’s more, once an immigrant acquires resident status, he or she can help bring over his or her family by sponsoring parents and siblings. Another impor tant advantage is that within three years of being an immigrant in Canada, the person is granted permanent resident status. Permanent residents are entitled to most of the rights and privileges of Canadian citizens. These include equal treatment and equal protection, equal legal rights, freedom of movement from province to province, etc. While most of these rules also apply to temporary Canadian residents, there are some that are exclusive to citizens and permanent residents. These are Canada Child Tax Benefit (CCTB), retirement benefits like old age security, guaranteed income supplement and Canada pension (Berez, 2007). Besides the abovementioned privileges that I received in Canada, my positive opinion of Canada has also been shaped by school, family, teachers, and the... To begin with, â€Å"Canada is among the world's foremost refugee resettlement countries and is signatory to international agreements that affirm its commitment to the protection of refugee rights†. Secondly, Canada offers many benefits to its permanent residents. Commenting on the Canadian immigration policy, Kaur says that Canadian government is interested in the country’s growth and development and its point system helps to bring in highly skilled foreign workers. According to the United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs, Canada is the fifth most popular country for people to migrate, the first one being the United States of America. Canada has also been shaped by school, family, teachers, and the media, through socialization. Socialization helps people operate successfully and with ease in their social lives. This process takes place via interaction with family members, teachers, schools, and media. When I moved to Canada, my family gave me all-encompassing support. They were my first friends in Canada, which made everything look okay. Before making friends, I would stay back at home and watch the television. This assisted me a lot in seeing how the Canadians lead their lives and in understanding of their culture and norms. The media made it much easier for me as it gave me a rough idea of what I should expect from the Canadians. The internet, newspapers and radio also helped me improve my social norms. The significance of school in socialization cannot be overlooked due to the fact that students spend there about seven hours a day. There, besides studying, the students perform many activities and play games, an d this plays a significant role in their socialization.

Comparing Two Perspectives of Management Essay Example for Free

Comparing Two Perspectives of Management Essay Management is the attainment of organisational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organising, leading and controlling organisational resources (Samson Daft, 2009, p. 12). In essence, the final outcome of management is to achieve organisation goals and managers in various levels should achieve goals effectively and efficiently by intelligently utilizing financial, human and other resources in hand. The four skills which may assist managers to achieve these organisational goals are planning, organising, leading and controlling. Traditional vs. Modern Perspectives The practice of management can go back as far as 3000 BC. It developed over thousands of years from Traditional style of management to Modern today. Traditional Perspectives Traditional Perspectives includes (Samson Daft, 2009): 1.Classical Perspectives – concentrates on making the organisations an efficient operating machine. 2.Humanistic Perspectives – emphases understanding human behaviour, needs and attitudes in the workplace. It has taken more consideration of behaviors, needs and attitudes as well as social interactions and group processes. *For the purpose of the report, I will not elaborate on each item mentioned above. Use Human Resources Perspective as an example. It suggests that Jobs should be designed to meet higher-level needs by allowing workers to use their full potential (Samson Daft, 2009). This theory was initially supported by a ‘dairy farm’ view and further illustrated by the Maslows hierarchy of needs and McGregor Theory X Theory Y. It is my understanding that the theory suggests people generally perform better if they are given full rein to their imagination and creativity. This, in details, means: 1.People are given freedom to fulfill their desired physiological, safety, love/belonging, self-esteem and self-actualization (Maslow’s Hierarchy) needs and wants. They may not be satisfied with all five of them, but fulfillment in any of the above may somewhat increase productivity; 2.Management assumes that employees enjoy working and will seek responsibilities under working/learning process and does not believe in punishment to keep the employees in line. Instead, it believes that employees will exercise self-control if they’re committed (McGregor’s Theory Y). Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the world leading automobile producers and its philosophy is the famous ‘Toyota Way’. The two pillars are ‘Wisdom and Kaizen (improvement)’ and ‘respect for human nature’ (Saruta 2006). Without going into the full description of ‘Toyota Way’ philosophy, we will mainly discuss one component as an example: Improvement. The company motivates employees through a series of incentives, such as wage, on-job education, and progressive promotion. Hence it presents work as something interesting and worthwhile for worker’s self-motivation. In the Japanese operation, this philosophy helped the company achieved long working hours and concentrated labour. Unfortunately it hasn’t been working as successful in other countries. Does this mean the employees in other countries haven’t fulfilled any of their interests? Managers must understand that employees will be motivated by unmet needs; and that once a need is satisfied, it is no longer a motivator (Fisher 2009). There may be environmental factors the management did not consider. Cultural difference for instance may affect the effectiveness of this philosophy. Being in a country with a generous welfare system like Australia, people’s desire for a balanced work/social life style is much stronger than financial achievement. In this instance, Toyota management in other counties should realise the differences in worker’s needs and present other incentives accordingly. Modern Perspectives Modern Management Trend is developed to collaborate with the more complicated technologies, organisational environment and unforeseeable uncertainties in today’s world. Modern Management Theories are focused on how individuals contribute to organisation and corporate performance while the performance of the chief executive is dictated by the organisation’s financial returns and shareholders’ expectations (Weymes 2004). The three major contemporary extensions of the perspectives (Samson Daft, 2009): 1.System Theory; 2.Contingency View; 3.Total Quality Management. *For the purpose of the report, I will not elaborate on each item mentioned above. Use Contingency View as an example. This theory is an extension of the humanistic perspective in which the successful resolution of organisational problems is thought to depend on management’s identification of key variables in the situation at hand (Samson Daft, 2009). It believes there is no universal approach that works consistently in every situation. Management should always consider aspects within and outside the organisation and utilise various concepts and techniques appropriately. Looking at this theory from a horizontal angle, Knootz (1981) has simplified it into ordinary words, ‘there is science and there is art, there is knowledge and there is practice. One does not need much experience to understand that a corner grocery store could hardly be organised like General Motors, or that the technical realities of petroleum exploration, production, and refining make impracticable autonomously organised product divisions for gasoline, jet fuel, or lubricating oils’. Different organisations have different variables which determine the size of the company, the management hierarchy, the service procedure and so forth. Looking at it from a vertical angle, an organisation may have diversified subsystems and external affiliates. Today’s managers cannot afford to ignore the uncertainties evolved around these elements. Grandori (1984) noted a decision maker needs to classify the state of uncertainty that characterises a decision situation, eliminate the strategies that are not feasible in that situation, and select a feasible strategy. To realise the contingency approach its potential as an effective construct for maintaining and improving managerial effectiveness in a hyper dynamic environment, its development must proceed in a systematic unified and directed manner (Luthans Stewart, 1977). IKEA, as an example, is the world’s most successful mass-market retailer, reaching 33 countries and hosting 410 million shoppers a year; the furniture is made by about 1,500 suppliers in more than 50 countries. Its signature feature is the flat packed product that customers assemble at home. To target the dramatic technology development in 21st century, the company introduced online shopping to address convenience and traceability. The company designs its own, and also broadens the product mix into food and general living supplies (â€Å"IKEA Company Profile†, n.d.). Investment risks can be sufficiently minimised, and it is best described by the old adage â€Å"never put all your eggs in one basket†. Traditionally, a showroom with a team of salesmen and delivery truck drivers is the focal point of a typical furniture retailer. Globalisation and widely spread use of internet will eventually force them out of the market. IKEA tackled these issues from supply-chain, customer satisfaction and diversification of investment risks. It further demonstrates the contingency approach is used to sustain IKEA’s completive edge in all time. Although these strategies may not be suitable in 10 years time, contingency view will always exert management to evaluation situation at hand and make decision accordingly to sustain performance. Conclusion Generally speaking, the traditional perspectives of management tend to standardise a managerial approach across the board by analysing one particular scenario with a number of assumptions. However, the modern perspectives recognise the uncertainties in reality and take many aspects into consideration of their decision making process. Contingency view is not a brand new theory that is completely different from the traditional perspectives. Whilst we are not suggesting the traditional perspectives are untrue, managers should be selective according to the situation at hand and use a combination of approaches to tackle from all angles. Management in the modern world is no longer a unitary practice; it is an art. Continuous education and professional development can only offer the mandatory knowledge. Real life experience and rational conduct at time is the key to successful management.

Top Glove Corporation Berhad Marketing Essay

Top Glove Corporation Berhad Marketing Essay Top Glove was established in 1991 as a small factory with three production lines, but it has since grown exponentially to become the largest rubber glove manufacturer in the world (Top Glove, 2013). It was listed on Bursa Saham Kuala Lumpur on 27th march, 2001 and promoted to Main Market of KLSE in 16th may 2002. The company have shareholder funds worth RM1.28b with annual turnover of RM2.31 billion at financial year ended on 31st August 2012. The companys current headquarters is located in Malaysia at Jalan Meru Klang, Selangor. The company currently have sales office in China, Thailand, USA, and Germany. In order to capture more global market share, the company has taken a rapid expansion of its capacity. The companys manufacturing facilities which are located at Malaysia, Thailand, and China grew to 24 from only 5 when it was listed in BSKL on 2001. Top Glove Corporation Berhad wholly-owned the subsidiary of Top Glove in Thailand and China. The company represents 26 percent of the market share worldwide (Tan Sri Dato Sri Lim, 2008). Currently, the company exports to its 1,800 customers in more than 185 countries around the world (Top Glove, 2013). The companys products are exported and available in most countries in North America, Latin America, Europe, Middle East and Asia region (Tan Sri Dato Sri Lim, 2011). The vision of Top Glove is to strive to be the worlds leading manufacturer with excellent quality glove products that enrich and protect human lives while the mission statements is to be world class glove manufacturer providing top quality product with excellent services through continuous improvement and innovation. The company offers 13 types of rubber gloves to the public such as latex examination gloves, nitrile examination gloves, vinyl examination gloves, surgical glove, clean disposable gloves, general purpose glove and others. Top glove have the capabilities to produce total production capabilities of 40.3 billion pair of glove annually. This because the company has 24 factories and 462 manufacturing line that can produce vast amount of glove. Indonesia is a tropical country located near Top Glove home country, Malaysia. Tropical weather in Indonesia allows for fertile growth of rubber trees that are used in production of latex. One of the agricultural industries in Indonesia is rubber industry (CIA, 2012). The large and fertile soil is one of the geographic advantages of the country from Top Gloves view. It enables large supplies of latex to facilitate the production of gloves to processing and manufacturing plants of Top Glove. Indonesia is a country that posses one of the lowest labour cost in the world. Indonesia currently has 248.6 million residents which is the 4th most populated country in the world (CIA, 2012). Cheap labour cost coupled with large supply of raw material makes it a suitable location for Top Glove to expand into. This factor will save the cost of production thus enable the company to sell their product at cheaper price, so that they can compete better in global market. Indonesia also experienced active reform in business regulation in recent years and is among the top 50 economies improving the most and the top 5 within the East Asia and Pacific Region (The World Bank and International Corporation, 2012). 14% of its GDP is consists of agricultural sector (CIA, 2012). The inflation rate also improved from 5.4% in 2011 to 4.5% in 2012 (CIA, 2012). According to Dean (2001), doing business and investment in most parts of Indonesia is relatively safe and profitable. Thus, the stable economic and political environmental encouraged Top Glove to expands to the country. 2.0 Analysis There are several reasons that attract Top Gloves Corporation to explore into Indonesia market. However, entering a foreign may not only brings gains but also shortcomings. Hence by analyzing the respective country, we able to understand is it significant for Top Gloves Corporation to invest or to enter Indonesia market. According to Managing Director of Top Gloves Corporation KM Lee, he stated that the rise in healthcare standards tied with the increase in the global population had increases the demand of medical gloves (Top Gloves, 2013). Meanwhile, Chairman Tan Sri Lim Wee Chai indicated that the rise in the labor cost with the introduction of the minimum wage policy had forces the group to increase its glove prices by 3-5 per cent, depending on the type of product. With the rise on demand of medical gloves, thus, Top Gloves Corporation tends to expand their production line (Top Gloves, 2013). Besides, the increase of labor cost due to minimum cost forcing the corporation to look after a lower-cost country, as the labor cost will be lower. From the literature findings, John Tanner (1996) found that Indonesia is low cost skilled labor that benefits to Top Gloves Corporation. Furthermore, Indonesia is a country that rich with natural resources that match the Top Gloves nature of business that is the rubber (Doing Business, 2012). Thus, expanding a plant into Indonesia market may lead the corporation to gain more profit, as the production line can be more effective and efficient. Apart from that, Indonesia was a main attraction for Top Gloves Corporation because the country of Indonesia able to offer a lower production cost as the labor cost resources is lower in price. According to Sari Shaviriyani (2006), a statistic shows that Indonesias population is the world fourth largest. The workforces over the country are huge and young enable the labor cost to be lower as the workforce supply is higher than the demand forcing the wages to be lower down. More to the point, the workforces are young and energetic allowing Top Gloves production line to produce more effectively. In addition, Indonesias government does encourage more foreign investment by establishing certain departments and supportive bodies in order to speed up the investment licensing procedures (Sari Shaviriyani, 2006). Besides, some incentives are also provided to foreign investors, including tax incentives that enable Top Gloves Corporation to increase their companys profit by paying fewer taxes (Sari Shaviriyani, 2006). However, this was theoretically to benefit the public interest, as the increase in competition in these open sectors will force the companies to operate efficiently and cut prices to win market share (Sari Shaviriyani, 2006). In that sense, it will creates a win-win solution for the country itself and the foreign company as the economy of Indonesia able to boom and the citizen of Indonesia able to enjoy the goods at lower prices meanwhile the operation can be carry on at a lower price. However, every pro comes with a con as Indonesia offers a lot of gains to attract foreign company to invest into Indonesia but there is still a bit of shortcoming (Sari Shaviriyani, 2006). Top Gloves Corporation had to suffer high initial investment, as the country of Indonesia had no technological deepening of manufacturing sector production and exports creating a mess for Top Gloves Corporation to take initiative to invest. Furthermore, home country of Indonesia drives to pick-up all the skills and technique from Top Gloves Corporation that makes them a future threat. Additionally, lack of highly educated people can also be a shortcoming of Top Gloves Corporation as the company focuses more on hiring highly educated people. This reason is because the operation of the machine maybe too technical and may need a knowledgeable people to ensure everything operates in effective and efficient way. Lastly, ecology can be also another shortcoming for the Top Gloves as the climate of Indonesia changes rapidly that may affect the fertile of the plantation causing a shortage in the resources. Some of the global climate changes that might affect the plantation of Indonesia such as rising sea levels, rising air temperatures, changes in rainfall period, and extreme climate change. Similarly, the influence of a combination of raising temperature in regions, changes in the level of precipitation and the intensity of drought/flood (Sari Shaviriyani, 2006). Although, climate changes may sound serious but open burning on the forest as the tradition of Indonesia in order to maintain the plantation to be fertile would be more devastating as it will bring down the goodwill of Top Gloves Corporation (Dyna Rochmyaningsih, 2012). 3.0 Recommendation The current strategies used by Top Glove are exporting and wholly owned subsidiary. Top Gloves had done successfully with both of the strategy, however, they are continuing in seeking the new way to expand to more and more country. We recommended Top gloves to expand into worldwide, which is acquisition strategy. One of the successful companies who using acquisition strategy is Showa Co. who acquired all of Tillotsons Best Glove operations and subsidiaries, which are helping to create a global leader position in the glove manufacturing (Showa Glove, 2009). Acquisition of the company in the same industry will improve the company strength in production, reaching customer, and even the operation through synergy strategy such as the expertise and machinery (Showa Glove, 2009). The advantages of acquisition brings to the Top Gloves is reduced the cost. Top Gloves are able to generate the raw material needed to process the gloves like palm kernel shell and latex from Indonesia Besides, the labour cost in Indonesia is much cheaper compared with Malaysians labour cost. We suggest that Top Gloves should maintain their current expansion strategy which is exporting and building the manufacture in foreign country, at the same time, adopt the acquisition to take over the related company in foreign markets. Once it is confirmed that the market possesses a huge potential for gloves market, Top Gloves may set up a manufacture plant in Indonesia and implement backward integration by taking over the related company such as supplier for palm kernel shell firms. Top Glove should be aware of the policy changes. Policy changes exist due to unstable condition in term of political pressure, economic trend, social unrest and restriction of the ownership of nondomestic company (Wild, J. J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. Y., 2010). According to Boediono (2005), to achieve long term business profit in a dynamic changing country like Indonesia, it is important to maintain awareness between economies and political issues. A strong professional team must be developed to maintain high policy effectiveness. Hence, to managing threats of policy changes, Top Glove can gather more foreign information in Indonesia through recruit foreign proficient consultant who understands the foreign culture well. Hiring local managerial talent is the best ways in foreseen and helps in explore business opportunity, it may facilitating the procedures in getting approval and application of local operation and result in attracting more local people join to the new established company. Besides, government will make change on economic policy and legal rules in order to forcing the business to update the way they do the business (External Environment Theory, 2013). Thus, Top Glove must managing political-risk services and issues carefully which is incurring news publication, employment issues, banks association and social media network. The company can rely on lobbying to help in administration of political matter and business operation, associate with public and bringing positive impact to social. Buy this way, Top Glove can reduce the risk in global business extension and minimize the possibility of legal fault. Top Glove should create own brands in the long term as it does not have own brand gloves. By creating its own blend of gloves helps Top glove to build brand images and secure customer loyalty by having products that carry its own brand name. The benefit of creating a own brand name would also include create brand recognition, an existing firm that has strong brand recognition will repel the new entrants and if the brand existing product is being perceived as unique would result in competitor need to spend more cash to promote and educate its customer about their product and directly increase the cost of taking over the market thus make the market unfavorable for new entrants (CIMB, 2007). Due to gigantic size of Top Glove Company, exponential growth and expansion could go against Top Gloves favor and makes it difficult to control and keep an eye on its foreign plants. Top Glove need to create a more centralized decision making environment which its foreign plants receive orders from its mother headquarters and enforce strict controls on the foreign plants to ensure illegal activities which is demonstrated by illegal labor issue once happened to top glove manufacturing plant at Klang that whooped to RM 11.4million would not happen in the future (ANIS, 2006). Top Glove should develop more unique technology to increase barrier of entry. currently Top Gloves latex manufacturing sector known to have a low entry barrier which is only from around 1 million to 1.5 million to open a new production line. It is considered low barrier for competitor manufacturer to enter the industry. New players only need to keep on producing to enjoy the share of wealth from the market due to economic of scale. Aggressive expansion by big players pose a serious threat to Top Glove as they need to come out with something unique in order to distinguish themselves from the competitors. For example top glove can develop proprietary product technology, technology is an intangible asset that resembles a barrier to entry, if an existing product is protected by a patent, it would not be possible for the new entrant to use the same technology to create the product without the permission from the patent owner (TomSpencer, 2010). Top-Glove needs to protect their intellectual property right from violation in Indonesia. Of Protection of intellectual property rights (IPR), Indonesia is hindered by inadequate enforcement of the relevant rules and regulations. Problem in intellectual property rights protection raised by industry include rampant audio, software, and video disk piracies (with a piracy rate estimated at 87 percent); the high percentage of piracy will affect the revenue of Top-Glove in Indonesias market. So a strong professional team must be created to strengthen and find ways to protect the intellectual property in Indonesia to create a high competitiveness or more values company in the Indonesia. Top Glove Company should be vigilant and creative in building strategies to protect their products from infringement. As an example, a company might first identify the counterfeiters of its product. They then proceed to negotiate and try to develop them as legal licensees of it products. Several general principles are important for effective management of intellectual property rights in Indonesia. First, it is important to have an overall strategy to protect your company IP. Second, company IP is protected differently in Indonesia than in the other country. Third, right must be registered and enforced in Indonesia under their local laws. Registration of patents and trademark is on a first-in-time, first-in-right-basis, so Top Glove should apply for trademark and patent protection even before selling their products or services in the Indonesia market. It is the responsibility of rights holder to register, protect, and enforce their right. Company may wish to seek advice from local attorneys or IP consultants who are experts in Indonesia law. It is important of strengthen and protect the intellectual property before entering a new entry market. It will bring the company a lot of economic benefit for their business and prevents other parties from using and taking the be nefit of the result of their creative and innovative mind without their concern (Purba, 2001 Sommeng, 2002). 4.0 Conclusion Top Gloves is currently facing some problems which are the increase of labor cost, high initial investment, lack of educated people and ecology. Glove prices will increase by 3-5 percent result of the increase in the labor cost according to the categories of the product. Initially, Top Glove also need to invest heavily when first expand the market into Indonesia. In addition, lack of skills and technique workers in Indonesia will slow down the operation in producing the product. On top of that, plantation is also another issue result of the changes of climate. Throughout the analysis, we found out that Top Gloves using the wholly owned subsidiary and exporting as its expansion strategy. In order to compete, Top Glove needs to use exporting strategies because the local market is not big enough. Top Glove had owned the market of rubber besides from the competitors in other countries. Besides that, in our assignment, we also had recommended some expansion strategies which will work out on Top Glove Company in Indonesia. There is little aspect which Top Glove had to concern when they need to enter into new market which is political aspect, the countrys economy perspective, IP protection and so on. All these aspect will directly influence the brand image of Top Glove and also ROI to the company. Foreign country expansion and exporting strategy will help the company to reduce the risk. If there is a problem in a country, the company still can survive because they have wholly owned subsidiaries in other countries. So in overall, we think that the company should enter Indonesia market. The benefit bought by the expansion outweighs the risk to the company.

Carnivore :: Research Papers

Carnivore No one can speak for all Americans in deciding the trade-offs between equal protection of the laws, privacy, and fearless exercise of democratic freedoms. - Rob Geis Envision a future where every action you make is recorded and reviewed by unknown means — A world where a government spies on its own citizens more frequently than other nations — A government that reads everyone’s email, in order to try to thwart unpreventable actions. Does this sound like a science fiction story? Well it is not; this is a reality according to civil libertarians. Ever since the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) program, named Carnivore, was introduced to the world in 1999, civil libertarians have been up in arms claiming that Carnivore violates civil human rights. This claim and others about Carnivore are shortsighted, because there are misconceptions about Carnivore itself. Carnivore is not a vicious wolf, eating its prey (email) at will; it is a harmless puppy, which can barely open its eyes; I will go into some detail on what Carnivore is, why it causes commotion, and why it is inadequate to do any good. It is the role of any gover nment to protect its interests and its citizens. Carnivore does not live up to its expectations, but if used effectively can capture some criminals. History of biting Carnivore is a third generation on-line protection program. In â€Å"How Carnivore Works† by Jeff Tyson, he states, "While information about the first version has never been disclosed, many believe that it was actually a readily available commercial program called Etherpeek" (Tyson, 2). The second generation, Omnivore, was deployed in 1997. Information about Omnivore has not been public until recently. The third generation, DragonWare Suite, was introduced in 1999 which contains three parts, â€Å"[1] Carnivore - A Windows NT/2000-based system that captures the information. [2] Packeteer - No official information released, but presumably an application for reassembling packet into cohesive messages or Web pages. [3] Coolminer - No official information released, but presumably an application for extrapolating and analyzing data found in the messages† (Tyson, 2). In short, Carnivore is a program within the DragonWare suite that captures email packets from Internet Service Providers (ISP's) in order to prevent criminal actions that are conducted through email. According to Tyson, â€Å"The FBI plans to use Carnivore for specific reasons. Particularly, the agency will request a court order to use Carnivore when a person is suspected of: Terrorism, child pornography/exploitation, espionage, information warfare, or fraud† (Tyson, 5).

A Critique of the Lin Article Essay

Lin, Mack, Enright, and Baskin (2004) state that prior to the writing of this article anger and related emotions have already been associated as triggers within the realm of substance abuse. As way of illustration the authors cite the Project Match 12-step facilitation therapy manual which states that â€Å"Anger and resentment are pivotal emotions for most recovering alcoholics† (Nowinski, Baker, & Carroll, as found in Lin et al, 2004, p. 1114). The traditional therapeutic method of choice within treatment settings has been that of anger management. The focus of this form of treatment is in establishing surface level coping mechanisms by â€Å"attempting to teach patients to more effectively manage or express anger rather than actually decrease their anger† (Dakken et al, 1995 as found in Lin et al, 2004 p. 1114). The authors present that there is insufficient documentation related to the efficacy of this approach. An alternative approach has been developed by a number of researchers titled Forgiveness Therapy (FT). FT states that while anger, resentment and other accompanying related emotions are correct responses to severe violations, harmful results are attributed to the same on a daily basis. The therapeutic goal, therefore, is in assisting the client in working towards educating the client regarding healthy forgiveness as a choice. The authors advise that â€Å"Robust results have been found when FT has been applied to certain populations† and â€Å"has been shown to decrease the frequency and severity of anger, anxiety and depression rather than simply improving individuals’ ability to cope with these emotions† (Lin et al, 2004, p. 115). Lin et al, (2004) chose support for the validity of FT by presenting the hypothesis that inpatient clients for substance abuse treatment who received FT would demonstrate â€Å"less anger, depression, anxiety, and vulnerability to substance abuse† than similar clients who received traditional anger management treatment. Subjects were randomly chosen within a treatment center to receive either FT or Alcohol and Drug Counseling (ADC) treatment from a group of suggested participants. All were diagnosed as substance abusers. Each participated in four instruments: The EFI, which is a sixty item self-report measure of self forgiveness, the BD1-11, which measures symptoms related to depression, the CSE1 which evaluates attitudes towards self, and STAI which assesses anxiety. Each participant also became involved in a 12 week program, either within the FT procedure or the ADC procedure. The ending result verified the original hypothesis for the researchers in that the FT group â€Å"demonstrated significantly greater improvement from pretest to posttest† (Lin et al, 2004, p. 117), as well as a marked difference in retention of improvements between the two therapeutic groups after four weeks apart from the therapy sessions. The authors did present five cautions. The first was the lack of being able to generalize the findings of the study due to the size of the testing. The second is the degree to which resentments are the norm within client’s treatment histories. The third caution is related to the need for the client to persevere within the therapy due to the length and depth of the therapy involved. The fourth caution is related to providing time for follow up data beyond the initial four month time frame which was provided for the purposes of this study. The fifth caution is that there may have possibly been some unforeseen effects by the therapist involved within the experiment since only one therapist conducted therapy for both groups. The authors summarize their findings by stating that chemical dependency issues may be linked to or are a result of unresolved negative emotional issues such as anger and resentment, and that future study of comparing and contrasting FT with more traditional anger management may continue to reinforce the advantage of therapeutically engaging in root issues rather than simply reinforcing traditional anger management daily coping methods. Critique of the Title From this researchers perspective the overall title is effective and appropriate. It is sufficiently specific while remaining properly concise. The wording provides a descriptive picture of the contents of the article while remaining under twenty words. The title also properly identifies the type of participants in the study, as well as the variables which are analyzed. The authors remain clear of utilizing jargon and acronyms which â€Å"might be unknown to the audience† (Pyrczak, 2008, p. 20). Pyrczak advises that it is normally unwise for the title of an article to reveal the results of the study (Pyrczak, 2008, p. 16). The authors of this article prove to be careful to not reveal the ultimate findings, while still causing interest by the use of their description. It is clear that the authors of this article took careful consideration in the formatting of this preliminary descriptor. Critique of the Abstract Overall this abstract is effective and appropriate. It clearly presents the purpose of the article in a clear and concise manner. The authors reveal the foundational underpinnings, the resulting hypothesis as well as the study group utilized for the overall experimentation. Highlights of the study are provided in the form of mentioning a general overview of the Forgiveness Therapy as well as indicating a favorable outcome linked to the hypothesis. The abstract did not become encumbered with titles of specific measures, except to indicate that there was a 12 week time frame of counseling sessions. While not giving specific statistics, the abstract was clear in concluding that not only were the results of this research positive, but that the authors felt confident to advise that this study substantiated the role of FT as a viable alternative for residential drug treatment. Critique of the Literature Review Overall, the literature review portion of this article is appropriate as well as informative. The purpose of the article along with the stated hypothesis logically flows from the abstract. For example, while reading the article the specific problem area which the authors are addressing is identified within the first paragraph, and this topic of concern is carried throughout the course of the article. Not only do the authors identify the problem area, that of â€Å"levels of anger and violence observed among alcohol and other substance abusers† (Lin et al, 2004, p. 114); but they also emphasize the gravity of the situation by providing specifics regarding the correlation between said negative emotions and the inability of addicts to remain sober. This provides the reasoning behind why greater development in this area within therapy needs to be addressed. In so doing the authors were also careful to properly cite sources for factual statements which reinforced their supposition. In so doing, they were careful to not inundate the article with an over abundance of cited material, leaving sufficient room for their own findings. While drawing out the concerns related to the anger and resentment issues at hand, the authors provide a well developed summary of both the Forgiveness Therapy model as well as the Anger Management Modules. The authors also provided clear and concise definitions of the instruments utilized within the study as well as providing well illustrated table in cooperation with the results of the study, and how those results can be interpreted with each instrument, and how they correlate with each other. For example not only does the article provide a Topic List for each group, (Lin et al, 2004, p. 1117 Table 1) it also provides a significant breakdown of the Means and Standard Deviation for Dependent Variables related to both study groups (Lin, Table 2, p. 1118). The only area in which this researcher may see the Literature Review as somewhat weak is in the fact that the latest research which is available within the article is from the year 2004, due to the age of the article in question. That being said, however, over all this is a well crafted review. Critique of Research Questions The hypothesis stated in this article leaves no room for questioning what it specifically entails. After providing a detailed foundation of why FT is a viable alternative in various counseling arenas as opposed to ADC, the authors then clearly state that they hypothesized that individuals in residential treatment for alcohol and drug dependence after receiving treatment augmented by FT, would demonstrate less anger, depression, anxiety and vulnerability to substance use and more self esteem than those receiving ADC treatment†¦. Lin et al, 2004, p. 1115). This hypothesis clearly provides not only a reference and a background of a therapy; it also provides specific measurable goals, and goals which can be contrasted by other measurable goals, within and on behalf of a specific demographic. Each of the specific parts of the hypothesis are logically developed within the literature review, and the developed research proves to be appropriate for the investigation at hand, albeit with specific concerns related to limitations which naturally apply due to the limited nature of the study in regards to amount of participants, limited amount of time for follow up study for the initial research, and some concern over possible biases inherent due to the fact that one therapist facilitated both study groups.

Interpersonal communication concepts in everyday relationships

Interpersonal communication concepts in everyday relationships Introduction Human beings have often been called social animals. This being the case, communication is an important aspect of the modern life. Communication takes different forms from vertical communication, horizontal, intercommunication among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal communication concepts in everyday relationships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Interpersonal communication is a more popular form of communication than other modes of communication whereby the communication is between two or more individuals. Successful intercommunication is a situation in which the intended recipient of the message gets the message and correctly understands what the sender intended. For successful intercommunication, interpersonal communication skills are of the essence. This paper looks at some of the basic interpersonal communication skills, concepts and theories by using The King’s Speech Movi e. Conflict management More often than not, people fail to agree on ideas and conflict often arises. Conflict management is an important interpersonal skill. It can be defined as the process through which and individual holds back detrimental aspects of a conflict. Conflict management can be broadly categorized into 5; collaborative approach, compromising approach, accommodating approach, competitive approach and the avoiding approach (Adler, Rolls, Proctor, 2012). Each one of these approaches employs different techniques to suppress, resolve or avoid conflicts. In as much as violence is a form of conflict by itself, there are those who consider it as a conflict management skill. In addition, negotiations are part of conflict management. Through the plot of the movie, a couple of conflicts arose between the characters. More importantly, fellow cast members came up to contain and resolve the conflict. To start with, after the death of King George V, King Edward VIII assumed throne a nd encountered a number of challenges (Hooper, 2010). Most significant of all was his passion of marrying Mrs. Simpson.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When Albert conflated Albert his brother on the matter, David accused him of wanting to seize his position. The disagreement between the two brothers could be seen as a form of conflict. The fact that both Albert and Logue did not believe David fit for office was the primary source of the conflict. It is only then that David resigned from office. Based on the situation, his departure could be viewed as a form of conflict management since it resolved the conflict between the two brothers On top of that, before David could resign, Logue commented and said that Albert would have made a better king than his brother David. Out of anger, King Edward VIII mocks and then dismisses Logue. This was the beginning of anoth er conflict between King Edward VIII and Logue. It is only until later when David resigns from office and Albert gains the title of King George VI that he takes it upon his personal initiative to visit and apologize to Logue on behalf of his brother. At this point, Logue has his job back, and although the David has not handled his conflict with Logue, Albert has depicted conflict management skills. Nearly at the end of the movie, King George VI gives an eloquent speech before the commencement of the war between Nazi Germany and England (Hooper, 2010). The speech addressed the nation on the insights of the war as well as inspire them. The war could be viewed as a conflict between Nazi Germany and Britain. On the other hand, it could be seen a form of conflict management whereby the two countries seek to end an already existing conflict. This battle played a crucial role in managing the earlier conflict. Though not the best strategy for conflict resolution, the battle became a means t o an end. To sum it all up, Albert portrays himself as having commendable conflict management skills as compared to his older brother. Listening concept Listening is an essential skill in any form of communication. This is the process through which an individual takes in information. It is worth noting that listening and hearing are two different concepts. Successful interpersonal communication requires listening and not hearing. Listening involves hearing and interpreting the message in the intended manner.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal communication concepts in everyday relationships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This could either affect communication positively or negatively. Good listening skills enable smooth flow of information from the sender to the receiver without any form of distortion (Adler, Rolls, Proctor, 2012). On the other hand, poor listening skills affect communication negativel y. Listening can be affected by many external factors such as noise from the surrounding as well as language differences. In short, no verbal communication would exist without listening. The movie â€Å"The King’s Speech Movie† has made skilful use of the listening concept. Right from the beginning of the movie, there is verbal communication between individual members of the cast. At the beginning, we are able to acquaint ourselves with Prince Albert who stammers through the closing speech of The British Empire Exhibition. This greatly affects the quality of his speech. After the death of their father, Albert becomes King George VI of England at an exceedingly crucial time when the country was at the verge of a war. His wife, Elizabeth, worries about the country mostly because her husband might not be in the best condition to address the country at such a crucial moment. She goes ahead to get help from Lionel Logue a speech therapist. Finally, after a long struggle, th e king conquers the stammer and delivers a radio talk speech which is smart enough to unite and inspire the people through the battle. After his speech, thousands of his citizens applaud him for the way he delivered on his speech. This is a clear indication that the people were particularly keen on listening to the King. The citizens portray an image of being particularly attentive listeners. Additionally, throughout the movie, the radio is the conventional means of communication though which the king communicates with the people. Occasionally, the king addressed the nation over the radio. Through the radio, the people were able to exercise their ability to listen. Finally, Albert was able to overcome his stammer out of listening to his therapist. If he had not been listening to the therapist, he would not have been able to overcome the stammer.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Earlier long at the beginning of the movie, after the Christmas radio talk, King George V addresses David his son on the importance of broadcasting to the modern monarchy. King George V believed that listening was a vital skill in governance that he ordered that David- the rightful heir- is to be trained on his speech skills so as to save the family name. Self concept Though not a part of interpersonal communication expressly, self conception play an immensely crucial role in interpersonal communication. Self concept is the general idea that individuals have about their selves. It affects the nature of interpersonal communication in that we communicate with people in regards to how we view them and the relationship we share with the same people (Adler, Rolls, Proctor, 2012). More often than not, self concept is usually a bit different that how other people perceive us. Self concept is particularly valuable in that it also helps us identify whom we truly are. From this, we are able to communicate with other people and it is from this connection that people define us. In the movie ‘The Kings speech†, we get a peep into to the Royal family at which time King George V is the king. Later on, we come to understand that both Prince Albert and David suffer from a speech impediment. King George V orders that David be trained on his speaking skills so as to keep the family name. Prince David makes excruciating attempt to recover from the stutter and somehow manages though not fully. In the long run after a disagreement between the two brothers, Albert gains the title of King George VI(Hooper, 2010). With the help of his wife, Albert self conceptualized that the stammer is within him, and he needed to do something especially at a time when his country needed him. It is at this point that he approached Logue to help him with his speech. By Albert coming into terms with his problem of speech impediment, it became an easy task for Logue to help him to recover. Logue also lacked formal training or qualifications – a fact that he struggled to keep under cloak and dagger. In my opinion, Logue realized his potential and despite all odds self-conceptualized himself as being capable of helping the king (Hooper, 2010). Out of this, he was able to make a favorable impression to the king and was able to help King George VI overcome his stammer. He performed his duties so well as a speech therapist such that no one was able to realize that he had no formal qualifications. Moreover, Albert was able to self-conceptualize himself as a king long before he became one. Logue saw his potential and confronted King Edward VIII on grounds that Albert would have made a better king than himself. It was then that he resigned and paved way for Albert as a King. Later on, Albert confronts Logue as a King rather than as a friend. Conclusion Communication is an essential aspect of the human life. There are many concepts of communication that affect the natur e of communication both positively and negatively. Among others, Self concept, listening concept, conflict management are some of the most significant concepts that shape the form of communication. With the perfection of these skills, refinement of communication is absolutely possible. References Adler, R., Rolls, J. Proctor, R. (2012) Looking out/Looking in fort worth Harcourt College Publishers Hooper, T. (Director). (2010). The Kings speech [Motion picture] United Kingdom: Anchor Bay Entertainment.

Childhood Is the Happiest Time of a Persons Life Essay Example

Childhood Is the Happiest Time of a Persons Life Essay Example Childhood Is the Happiest Time of a Persons Life Paper Childhood Is the Happiest Time of a Persons Life Paper Essay Topic: Life Of Pi Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. The topic for our debate is that childhood is certainly not the happiest time of your life. We the negative team believe that this statement is false. RECAP Our first speaker has already stated everything is possible in children’s life. This mean the ARGUMENTS Today I will be talking to you about childhood is certainly the happiest time of your life Now to my first point, children spend their time mostly with their parents in childhood than in later life.The reason for this is parents take care of children every minute and devote themselves to children. I am sure that there is nothing that can have more value for a human than that. If children are ill they have person to look after them, to give a piece of advice if children have a fight with their friends, in the long run there is a person to turn to in any time. However children may not have these chances in their later life. It is a life and one day that can pass away even though sometim es these occasions happen without warn us.So, we should enjoy life with our parents that would be a great memory in our minds. Now to my second point, children expectations are simple and limited compare to adults. This is because to be happy, children only need friends, toys and place to play. It is different with adults who are always not satisfied with all they have had. They always expect more than all are already in their hands. For example, having a small house is still not enough so that they want a bigger one. Also, after they could buy a car, they also want to buy another car. In career,